Improvement Is Better Than Delayed Perfection

Improvement Is Better Than Delayed Perfection Question-Continuous improvement is better than delayed perfection  Mark Twain (1835-1910). Analyse this statement critically and rigorously with reference to appropriate literature sources. Introduction This essay will be looking at the importance of quality and continuous improvement at a glance within an educational context. The writers interest in the topic is merely to explore and understand the essence to which every establishment for whatever purpose it was built upon should strive in continuous improvement to services rendered to its customers and the community at large while maintaining quality services. The focus is to highlight any flaws within the organisational practice with which quality could still be improved upon for the good of the whole community. The structure of the essay will take an explicit interpretation and description of quality and continuous improvement while portraying an interventionist stance at the conclusive statements made at the end of the essay. Literature review The concept of Quality Quality management is a systematic way of guaranteeing that organized activities happen the way they are planned. It is a management discipline concerned with preventing problems from occurring by creating the attitudes and controls that make prevention possibleà ¢ By Philip Crosby Writings in 2008, Winch and Gingell state that during the 1990s it became fashionable to talk about ËÅ"quality in education. Part of the reason for this is a renewed interest in accountability. Why should the concern for accountability be expressed in terms of quality? One major reason is that concerns about whether or not a particular form of education is worthwhile have been expressed in terms of a paradigm derived from manufacturing industry. ËÅ"Quality in a commercial context strongly connotes product usefulness and reliability. ËÅ"Quality assurance refers to systems that are robust enough to ensure that products that are defective or unreliable simply do not get made. The idea, as one quality guru has said, is to ËÅ"get it right first time. Of course, an artefact can be scrapped or reworked if it is defective, but a service cannot. If it is not ËÅ"right first time then it is not right. Some effective quality assurance systems ought to be particularly relevant to service are as of economic activity. Whether or not it is in the private or the public sector of the economy, it is sometimes maintained that education has the characteristics of a service industry. In particular, if education is poorly provided then there is no second chance for the recipient. A diner at a restaurant who has a badly cooked meal will feel disgruntled but will suffer no permanent damage. On the other hand, the pupil who receives a poor education may not even feel disgruntled but may suffer permanent damage in terms of future life prospects. It is, then, not surprising to hear that a key feature of educational accountability is the provision of quality assurance systems. Every aspect of leadership and management across all sectors of most organisations require a sustainable approach towards ensuring quality and sustainable measures are being utilised and developed within a global context. This includes measures which most leaders would adopt towards maintaining and sustaining the strategic aims of any organisation with due considerations of internal and external forces which influences the decisions made each day. An example of what entails leadership that is sustainable through quality measures can be found in a school management system. Where the Head teacher aspires to have very committed students who have good grades, a good school structure and a qualitative staff that would help the school achieve its strategic objectives successfully. But during the process of strategising for an academic year other factors comes into play i.e. customer service, effective acquisition and deployment of resources, school budget for the academic year etc. There may be a number of key factors that would help achieve such success Firstly, a well-devised system of service evaluation process of Search-Feedback-Act that could be put in place involving all employees, not just management or teachers, in developing plans for improvement. Secondly, all employees could be given considerable education and training to help them improve service quality and would actively and systematically encourage creativity and innovation. Thirdly, the organisation that may move away from measuring quality purely by the number of complaints it gets from customers and the impressions of the head of personnel department. Instead, organisations implement a multi-factor index which includes quantitative points such as the length of time customers have to spend being tested into the school, and qualitative points such as the friendliness/politeness experienced at reception. The concept of Continuous improvement Continuous improvement has been successfully used by the Japanese for a number of years, and the Japanese word kaizen is used to describe it. The idea of kaizen is not to sit back once improvements have been made to a product, but to be almost like bees working away at a hive. Each does a little at a time, but by adding on an incremental basis they can eventually produce something that is much larger and better. The issue of quality can be approached in the same way, so that very minor changes over time can result in a considerable improvement in performance. For example, the levels of fuel efficiency in the average saloon car have improved dramatically over recent years. This has been made possible due to the cumulative effects of continual minor changes in car body shape, fuel delivery systems and engine design (.Porter, K., Smith, P., Fagg, F. 2006). Foskett, N., Lumby, J. 2003 states that the third way of defining quality (in regards to continuous improvement) is to match the current state with an imagined future improved state. In other words, individuals or groups not necessarily take as their comparator an existing standard or expectation but, rather, work creatively to suggest ways to which a current aspect of education could be improved. This definition is realistically based on working form what exist to what could be achieved. It is a universally applicable in theory in that ideas for improvement will take into account resources and political realities. However, the emphasis on continuous improvement is predicated on a degree of autonomy and power that may not exist in all institutions or cultures. If governments impose a structure or curriculum on schools/colleges, or if the internal management structures are hierarchical and controlling, then the freedom of staff, parents and students to suggest ways forward is clearly constrained. This idea of continuous improvement can be linked to Demings(1986) idea of Plan, Do, Study and Act, where a problem is examined, information is gathered and a plan to improve it is suggested. The ËÅ"Do part is when the plan is tested on a small scale, followed by the ËÅ"Study stage, where evaluation of the trial takes place to see if any other issues have arisen. The ËÅ"Act stage is where the plan becomes standard and is carried out continuously. This leads back into the ËÅ"Plan stage for further analysis. The question then arises of how one assures the quality of education. There are two answers which are not necessarily incompatible with each other. The first focuses on processes, the second on outcomes. Process-based quality assurance relies on observation of teaching and learning and the activities that support it, as the key determinant of whether the education being offered is worthwhile. Inspection is the most common form of process quality assurance. Outcome-based quality assurance relies on the assessment of the outcomes against certain pre-agreed standards. Examination and testing are the most common forms. Leadership Approaches Qualitative leadership skills in educational management revolve around factors described below: Identifying the key issues Improving Customer satisfaction and ways of measuring it Customer care training employees and setting standards Employee involvement in overall goals of the organisation. Improving quality observation and benchmarking Reflection and conclusion Quality and organisational culture- Foskett, N., Lumby, J. (2003) stated that Quality can also be relative to cultural norms. What appears to be quality provision for pre-school children in China will look very different to western eyes and vice versa. They further noted that measures of Quality by definition are dependent on numeric values in relation to, e.g., examination passed or examinations met, but such values do not necessarily capture the variety of outcomes expected of education or the dynamic changes in expectations in the experiences of even the learner, let alone the all those of an institution. Quality will therefore remain a fluid and nebulous concept, interpreted variously in practice, an orthodox to which many feel indebted to follow. No single prescription will secure improvement in quality in a context as complex and animated as a school or college. The most that an educationist can do is to remain aware of the imprecision of the concept and be sensitive to both th e educational and micro-political forces which affect its achievements, choosing with care from the plethora of taxonomies, philosophies, good practice and recommended process they can offer. Methodology Qualitative researched literature review was adopted which typically includes positivist, interpretive, constructionist, critical, and participatory paradigms. The researchers perspective stems from the long documented history of naturalistic observation in real-world situations. Views of positivism range from conservative to progressive-activist, but all involve the belief that reality is external to self and can be observed using tools that produce information that can be understood and interpreted by others. The essay is linked historically to social activism through the idea that social situations can be studied, critiqued, and subsequently changed. The essay may have collected data through observations or various forms of instruments and often derive explanations for their results from pre-existing theory without concern for whether the study population understands or agrees with their views. a literature review is very much a plural rather than a singular one as there are many literatures a researcher must examine to produce a coherent literature review. For example, by doing qualitative research, the researcher is joining an ongoing debate in some shape or form. The originality of an idea, an approach, or a theoretical reinterpretation adds to existing literature. The objective of this entry is to describe the plurality of literature, to underline the difference between general and specific literatures, to highlight how to use theoretical literature as a tool to increase understanding of a subject area and test a research question or hypothesis, and to examine the methodology and data literatures that form important parts of the research process.( GIVEN, M. L. 2008) Data findings on quality and continuous improvement in educational context. Wherever an educational operation is based, whether it is public or private, it needs customers, and consumer choice has increased dramatically over the past twenty years because of three factors: globalisation, technology and competition. Technology Technology provides opportunities and threats. The development of computer technology in the form of online and blended learning, podcasts, webcasts and blogs can and increasingly will provide consumers with the option of new self-study methods and the choice to learn with an organisation in a foreign country while living at home or working in the office. At some point translation software may even negate the need for some people to learn a foreign language. These technologies, however, also provide organisations with opportunities to provide new methods of learning and new means of communication with customers. The rise of online learning and blended learning programmes, plus the expansion in state education of new technology [such as interactive whiteboards] means that students are increasingly more techno-literate. It also means that as technology develops and becomes more part of our everyday lives, students generally expect language classes, which in some cases take up a large p art of their disposable income, to be technologically well-equipped. The exponential growth of technology cannot be ignored as the speed of technological advancement is unlikely to slow down. Competition Competition may come from new organisations entering the market, as mentioned above, but it may also appear in other forms. As other countries gain economic power, their languages become more important and people begin to study them to enable them to enter that economy. This phenomenon has already been observed (Graddol, 1997) with Spanish, Arabic and Mandarin expected to gain importance over the next decades, eventually becoming a serious threat to English as a foreign language. As economies develop, education is becoming increasingly important as skill becomes essential to finding work. An increasing number of courses are becoming available, especially in the field of computers and information technology, which compete with ELT for customers, particularly within the training budget of major companies. Gaining an Edge over Competitors If an organisation has an element of its service which is different or more attractive than its competitors it is said to have achieved competitive advantage. Gaining competitive advantage requires a cross functional approach between an aspect of marketing which gathers data about customer needs and expectations and the day-to-day operational functions that translate those market needs into operational capabilities. The roles of marketing and managing the day to day operation are often taken by one person in small organisations, which can make it easier to translate customer needs into operational reality. In a small private language school of ten teachers, for example, the director may be the focal point for information about the local market, the local economy, the type of customers the school serves and how they feel about the service. In a school of this size the director may also be the person who decides what courses are offered and whether the market is best served by, for example, offering expensive one-to-one ESP tuition for business professionals or cheap general English courses for classes of 20 students. A not-for-profit organisation may also consider pursuing a particular strategy based on the kind of customers it serves. For example, a charitable or state ELT organisation may decide to provide cheap walk-in English classes for disadvantaged mothers to attend as and when they have time. In this case, flexibility is the key to satisfying the customer and gaining competitive advantage. The three factors of globalisation, technology and competition mean that educational organisations have to pay increased attention to the needs and expectations of existing and potential customers to retain them and to attract new ones. By gathering information on customers needs and through market analysis organisations can develop a service which is different or more attractive than that of competitors. (Walter. 2001) Conclusion If stakeholders allow ourselves to get caught by the short-term disease of modern management, non-thinking, market-driven practices then the idea of sustainable organization is out of the question. Also the chance of ever reaching the levels desired will be eliminated in all but the shortest of measures. It is necessary for every leader of the future to know enough about the moral side of business and how it could be approached with sacrificial aims through which sharing and upholding several values together among competitors would improve upon global problems. Or how the socio-economic profit of the organization could be able to express or aid the concerns required to reflect a longer-term view of the community at large. I would recommend that every leader in every spectrum or field of study to bring about ways through which the underlining influences bordering the choices we make in life (in regards to quality and continuous improvement) should reflect upon the healing societal issues rather than competing. Just as we know in the history of human relations over time that competition brings about a chaotic state while the harmony of shared values and sacrifices brings about societal cohesion and benefits all. References Crosby, P. (1980) Quality is Free. McGraw-Hill. Deming, W. (1986) Out of the Crisis. MIT. Foskett, N., Lumby, J.(2003) Leading and managing education-International dimensions.London. Paul Chapman Publishing Given, M. L. (2008)The SAGE Encyclopaedia of Qualitative research methods. California. Sage Publication series Graddol, D.(1997) The future of English. London. The British council Porter, K., Smith, P., Fagg, F. (2006) Leadership and Management for HR Professionals Oxford.Butterworth-Heinemann Walker, J. (2001). Clients Views of TESOL Expectations and Perceptions The International Journal of Educational Management 15/4. MCB University Press http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?Filename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0600150404.pdf Walker, J. (2007)Service Climate in New Zealand Language Centres Journal of EducationalAdministration 2007 Volume: 45 Issue: 3 http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?Filename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0740450305.pdf Winch, C., Gingell, J.(2008) Philosophy of education. Oxon. Routledge publishers

walmart Essay -- essays research papers

Describe the nature of the industry in which Wal-Mart competes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The discount retailing industry, in which Wal-Mart competes, suffered slower growth in industry sales and in new store increases by reaching maturity. This resulted in a shakeout that has left the industry very concentrated. These trends are likely to continue due to intensified competition driven by companies seeking to expand market share by gaining efficiencis and economies of scale in distribution and purchasing. Indeed, in 1993 the top 5 discounters accounted for over 70% of total industry sales. Consequently, barriers to entry are high. Other barriers to entry include the high capital expenditure requirements of leasing or buying the stores; promotional costs; vast capital costs of leasing or buying warehouses and distribution channels in order to buy and store the product; costs of training and hiring the work-force to provide high-quality customer service. Finally, the threat of subsitution is high, for all the merchandize is readily available at many type s of stores; this reinforces the need to compete on prices, costs and customer-focus. As growth in this industry slowed securing more market share is the critical way to compete as only then are you able to leverage your economies of scale to build cost advantages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The nature of Wal-Mart’s competitive priorities are based on the foundational of minimizing all its costs vis-à  -vis its competitiors so that it may provide the lowest cost merchandise, and thereby boost its market share. Wal-Mart aims to differentiate itself, and enhnce it’s competitiveness, by making technology, its advanced computer and telecommunication system, a core competency. This maintenance of superior technology greatly enhances Wal-Marts ability to focus on building and maintaining relationships with its customers, suppliers and employees; for example, it cuts down on unnecessary large inventory levels and enables intimate and timely contact with suppliers. Wal-Mart further competes on cost, ‘value of the dollar’ philosophy, and also performance quality, by adding value through its training program and its corporate culture which increases customer satisfaction. However, Wal-Mart’s management which initially portraye d itself as the lowest cost provider had to change this policy partially because it becam... ...r relative to its suppliers, Wal-Mart was able to implement and enforce radical cost-cutting measures; these included saving realized by eliminating manufacturer’s representatives from negotiations with suppliers; by making its vendors pay for communicating expenses. Wal-Mart’s decentralized, incentive driven corporate cultural program is also a major asset in reducing costs for, despite non-unionization, employees assisted in realizing savings and in keeping ‘shrinking’ costs below their competitors. This program also raises employee satisfaction, and probably reduces employee turnover (thereby reducing costs for training new workers), and boosts customer satisfaction. Wal-Mart’s hihgly-automated two-step hub distribution network, involving greater supplier participation, and usage of techniques such as ‘cross-docking’ enabled the company to utilize even quicker inventory control (resembling a manufacturing firm’s JIT). Final ly, even the location of the distribution centers and stores, which were grouped together, enhanced the speed with which inventory was managed. It also meant that trucks could be used which further reduced costs and increased reliability and speed of service.

Is the Notion of an Early Modern Military Revolution Tenable? Essays

Is the Notion of an Early Modern Military Revolution Tenable? The notion of an early modern military revolution is one which is a much debated subject among historians. Two historians who are very dominant in this field are Geoffrey Parker and Michael Roberts. Although they both agree that a military revolution occurred, they disagree on the timing of a revolution in war. Roberts argues that a military revolution started in 1560 and "by 1660, the modern art of war had come to birth." Parker, on the other hand, sees the military revolution as a "firmly sixteenth century phenomenon with antecedents in the fifteenth." Prior to the early modern period, warfare was based around castles and fortified towns and attempts to capture them. This changed very little in the middle ages. Armies had a maximum of forty thousand soldiers, many of whom were mercenaries (1550). Armies consisted of Pike men in square formations supported by cavalry and musketeers. Battles often ended in a stalemate and wars were very lengthy as a result of this. Through the military revolution emerged new tactics, technology and style of warfare. Michael Roberts acknowledged four revolutionary traits of what he called the military revolution. "First, the superiority of disciplined infantry - musketeers rather than pike men - armed and drilled to prosecute a field battle by the ordered application of firepower, not the hurly-burly of man-man combat; second, themanifestly greater size of these new-style, mostly musketeer armies; third, the emergence of bolder, more dramatic strategies designed to seek a decisive battle at the culmi nation of a sharp campaign; and fourth, a need for larger and more reliable and intrusive commissariats and military bureaucraci... ...tary revolution occurred is not tenable but the notion that the face of warfare, the order of the world and the way people perceived war changed in this period and has shaped the modern world definitely is tenable. Bibliography Jeremy Black Ed: European Warfare 1453 - 1815 (Problems in Focus) Macmillan Press Limited 1999 H. G. Koenigsberger: Early Modern Europe 1500 - 1789 (The Silver Library) Pearson Education Limited 1987 J. M. Roberts: The Penguin History of Europe Penguin Books 1997 Michael Roberts: The Military Revolution 1560 - 1660 Boulder, CO, 1995 G Parker: The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West 1500 - 1800 Second Edition Cambridge University Press 1996 G Parker Ed: The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare Cambridge University Press 1995 Stephen J. Lee: The Thirty Years War TJ Press (Padstow) 1991

Process of Dealing with Death Essay

When they are gone, we must learn to carry on. In today’s world, there are few things if any at all that last forever; whether it be something bought in a store, or even us human beings everything has an expiration date. Death is not a simple thing to cope with. It takes time to go through the stages of grieving and reach the final point of acceptance. As people, we differ from each other, which means that it may take a week, a month, a year, or even more time for someone to cope with the death of a loved one; it all depends on the person. The stages of grieving after a death in the family vary for everyone but most commonly they tend to include anger/denial, guilt, and the final step in coping with death, acceptance. It is often hard to accept the fact that someone who has always been by your side could suddenly be gone forever. The reality of the situation does not always kick in right away. Some people choose to deny the fact that someone they care about has passed away because they are simply not capable of handling the truth. In some cases, denial combines with anger at the passed loved one because they feel that the person who died left them too early and at a bad time. This was the case when my grandmother (my mom’s mom) passed away a few years ago. My mom was my grandmother’s only daughter that lived here in America therefore they were very close and cherished each other greatly. I have a vivid memory of my grandmother’s deceased body laying on her bed with my mom sitting on a chair next to her and pounding the wall with her fists screaming, â€Å"Why did you leave me, how do you expect me to go on without you?! You can’t be gone, no, this isn’t happening! † It was a hard sight to witness; first off, because of the fact that my grandmother had passed away, that pain on its own was difficult to deal with and to add on top of that my mom was in such an extreme state of denial and anger she would not let anyone near my grandmother. My dad and one of my uncles forcibly took my mom out of the room in order for the funeral home attendants to remove my grandmother’s body. Speaking from personal observations, the time that it takes for people to stop denying the fact that one of their loved ones has passed on, varies depending on the person. After a death in the family, those close to the deceased may experience a sense of regret or guilt for their actions and those of others. Once my grandmother passed away, I had a conference with my school counselor who asked me to tell her about the emotions I was feeling towards my grandmother’s death. One of the emotions I picked out was guilt. I explained that I felt guilty for not having spent enough time with my grandmother, and at that point (thinking like a child) I felt that my grandmother may have passed away because I did something very bad to upset her and she simply did not want to deal with me any longer. My cousin experienced similar feelings. Her emotions were centered more on regretting the times when she had an opportunity to spend time with my grandmother; but she chose to do something else instead. Other people may try to comfort themselves by finding someone to blame for the death of their loved one. Most commonly, this blame is directed at doctors. Even though there may not have been any opportunity for the doctor to heal or revive the dying patient, it helps some people to identify the doctors as the guilty party. The reason why they direct all of their negative emotions to the doctor is because they say, â€Å"It is the doctor’s job to make him/her better; he/she died because the doctor didn’t do everything in his power to make him/her better†. Everyone deals with death differently; some people may feel guilty for their own actions while others tend to look for a figure that they can blame for the death of their loved one. Acceptance is the final step in coping with death. This is the time during which those close to the deceased are able to go through an emotional catharsis. Arriving at this stage is not easy but it pays off because you are finally able to â€Å"let go†. It is important to keep in our memories those near and dear to us, but it is equally as important not to wallow in the past because by doing so, all hope for the future is suffocated. Accepting the fact that someone you love is gone forever is difficult, it is normal to feel filled with emotion. Once the fact that my grandmother had passed finally set inside my understanding I cried for many hours every day. Crying was my way of letting out all of the emotions that I had stored inside of me after witnessing the pain my mom had gone through and losing my grandma. Saying good-bye is not easy, but it is something that must be done. Everyone copes with death differently. It may take longer for some people to realize that even though they may have lost someone who has always been of great importance to them, life must go on. This is why it is important to learn ways in which to deal with the situation and simply make the best of it. Some things can be undone; unfortunately, death is not one of those things. Even though discussing death is not a cheery topic, it is important to not only know but also to understand the different stages of grieving because as humans we cannot run away from death or avoid it. All people have an expiration date on this planet, for some it is sooner than others. Understanding the steps/stages in the grieving process can be beneficial when helping a friend cope with the loss of a close member of their family. By knowing the steps and what they consist of, you will have an understanding of why the person is reacting the way they are. It also makes it much easier for you to guide the grieving individual to the final step of acceptance from which they can return to their everyday life with the understanding that death is part of the human life cycle, and as depressing and difficult as it may be to comprehend it is an inescapable aspect of our human lives.

Politics and The English Language Response Essay

Clarity and simplicity, the however two factors that postponement it real at least the only two factors that help the readers understand the trueness. political relation is always a tough social occasion to talk about, to celebrate, to express and even to ameliorate yourself about. In the examine written by George Orwell Politics and the English Language he deliberately expresses that piece of write of today isnt the same writing of yesterday. In new(prenominal) words, George Orwell expresses his thoughts today we have developed habits both bad and good, which can challenge lawfulness behind the text and can hold the readers discernment.As I came across the member No political platform B for pentagon in case of giving budget cut by Thom Shaker, an name which seems more for show than for information, seems to glorify the pentagon and the military. come and statistics can easily be manipulated and play with so that the reader unless intuitive, has a stiff time quest ioning, believing anything in print. The oblige states that if the white house and relation sell to an go overment there will be massive budget cuts, and the defense subdivision has yet to plan for it. George Orwell would classify this article to be an example of good writing.George Orwell says to be simple and put one over, almost as if so that the reader does not have to catch any obstacles to understand the information thusly presented. The writer while busy glorifying the pentagon and military, in like manner states the issue spot on which was rather mentioned of how the defense department has not plotted for possible budget cuts, and soon replete the compose backs it up and supports the issue or popular question presented. The author states that the former behind not planning was to hamper prep ardness and provide security, so that the congress does not invent to not agree with the White House. No specific argot words, which Orwell mentions to dismiss in his essay (pg.3)There are no bad habits exhibited throughout the article, the author does a well done cheat at keeping it simple and clear at the same time as train and presentable, a young cock-a-hoop has the same understanding as a matured adult. No mumbo jumbo to deficit, man and unmanned, contingency Comprehendible, at a a broad demographicrange. George Orwells quote from his essay but merely language as an instrument for expressing and not for concealing or preventing thought. Keep it at a simple level, to not persuade a reader by their maturity of understanding from either side, matured adults vs. young adults. finished Orwells rules of writingyou can sincerely understand how societies bad habits have influenced the writing of today. The improper use of techniques to seem sophisticated has lead to nonsense and confusion. Political writing always seems to be nonsense and confusion, unless you follow and do your own research the truth always seems to be manipulated. Politics and Th e English Language by Orwell influences that a counterchange in political writing is needed.

Individualism vs Collectivism

individuation and communism Culture Abstract This essay discusses opposite aspects of individuality and collectivism close. Although e very(prenominal) finish is contrastive, laissez-faire(a) and collectivism stupefy a different suggestion for social validation. In this essay I able-bodied use my personal experience as a foreigner to help the readers understand the subject. In addendum to the investigate I have d whiz I was able to find information to help me full understand how the cardinal concepts impacted different countries such as the U. S.A, China and Burkina Faso. There ar nearly a hundred and nighty-six countries on this planet, each one of them has a variety of cultures and traditions. Cultures be typically servingd out into two categories left-winger and singleicic. Individualist cultures, such as those of the join Sates and westbound Europe, value personal exploit resulting in a strong sense of competition. collectivistic cultures, such as t hose of China, Korea, and Japan, emphasize family and work class goals above individual needs or desires.From a personal preference I would prefer a collectivist society but orders of social manner change from culture to culture. I willing nowadays explain my experience coming in the United States to study. Being an international student from Burkina Faso, a field that has more than than sixty ethnic groups with all different languages and dialects. I myself speak three languages, Moore my kickoff and cut second. The Western cultures are more individualist than collectivist eastern cultures. The United States is con viewred to be an individualist ground, so when I first got here, the transfer was very sturdy.I met Ameri muckle friends at U. G. A, despite been very nice it was hard sometimes to understand each other, as our cultures are different. The terms individuality and collectivism are normally used to express different cultures. An individualistic culture is wher e individuals are said to be bounded, autonomous, distinct from others, and accentuation ones avow goals and agency rather than those of others (Mascolo M. F. & Li J. , 2004, p. 27). As it was stated in the first paragraph the United States is listed as having an individualist society.Some masses would offer themselves, their family and friend as an anecdotal sound reflection model to American individuality, but both(prenominal) individualist and collectivist orientations may coexist indoors individuals cultures (Kim U. & Trandis H. C. & Choi S. C. , 1994, p. 123). For guinea pig my best friend in Burkina Faso, born(p) and raise there grew up to become an individualist. She say it herself, I do non same(p) to share. A person may live in a traditionally collectivistic culture and may lock in express individualistic behaviors within that culture, well(p) like my friend.The culture in Burkina is known for being contradictory and as for myself being born there, and hav ing a native nine siblings, we all shared everything, such as cloth, food, toys and many other things. So growing in this milieu I have learned to share not only with brother and sisters but sometimes cousins. The traditional views of individualism and collectivism suggest that Eastern countries will exhibit collectivistic drawencies while Western countries will exhibit individualistic tendencies (Parker R. S. , Haytko D. L. , & Hermans C. M. , 2009). According Sen L. H. (2004).Being raise in a collectivist environment, the transition at UGA was a bit complicated. Many of my friends at UGA were born and raised in Georgia some of them have a different way of approaching this subject. For pillow slip one of them had a total different occurrence than mine. He has 2 sisters and was t ancient by his parents that if they each guide something each of them have the full not to share. Since both individualist and collectivist orientations may coexist within the two cultures, it is pr actically impossible to say that everyone in western countries is an individualist or that everyone in eastern countries and Africa is a collectivist.As a within the communities it might be possible. For example most of the time in my coarse if someone is getting married everyone is pretty lots invited. One will have thousands of nation at their wedding to show support to the newlyweds. Studies suggest the nearly educated are more individualistic than the little educated. City dwellers are more individualistic than rural residents. Men are more individualistic than women, and early more than old. Thus, we need to consider peoples experiences when interacting with them (Kanchier C. , 2007).The same individualism that has led to disaster, such as the mortgage crisis, because it was move to excess will also be the denotation of Americas eventual resurgence. At its best, American individualism embraces the tactual sensation that every person matters. Increasingly, in American c ities oddly on the coasts, you will find that social categories are less important than individual histories. The U. S media will rather gossip almost bill Clinton mathematical function and Paris Hiltons sex tapes than talk about important subjects that actually affects peoples manners like the increasing dangerousness of tuberculosis as it becomes more immune to anti biotic.By contrast, collectivist are committed and interdependent, stressing roles and relationship, more than individual uniqueness they are in the first place motivated to pure group goals rather than their own (Mascolo M. F. & Li J. , 2004, p. 27). Like individualism, within every culture there will be both individualist and collectivist people. Now lets take a impression at the aspect of collectivism in China. Chinese culture is indeed more collectivist than individualist, and individualist values such as self-interest tend not to be present. (Kim U. & Trandis H.C. & Choi S. C. , 1994, p. 154). Hui in 1988 de veloped the individualism-collectivism dental plate (INDOL scale) it comprises six subscales purporting to measure a persons collectivism orientation toward target groups (Kim U. & Trandis H. C. & Choi S. C. , 1994, p. 149). In his research Hui compared the scores of Chinese university students to those of American university students. Taken together, these results express that Chinese culture may be characterized as predominantly collectivist as well as anti-individualist. (Kim U. & Trandis H.C. & Choi S. C. , 1994, p. 154) For example the Chinese culture divide is considered be dishonorable they believe that the marriage of two people is the union of two families. According to Luke Metcalfe, 2013, the divorce ordinate in china is 0. 79 per 1000people. As compared to the U. S. it is very common and some areas considered the norm. Luke Metcalfe, 2013 stated that The U. S divorce rate is at 4. 95 per 1000 people, which is the highest country with divorce rate. Individualist and collectivism have a different implication for social organization.The components of social organization presented in the book Individualism and Collectivism are very important they are combined into more inclusive major components, of which there are quintette values, autonomy/conformity, responsibility, achievement and self-reliance/interdependence. As an example of autonomy/conformity, an my best friend from Burkina Faso would want the right to hiding she believe that everyone should mind their own credit line. Their privacy should be respected. While on the other side I would believe that ones business is also the business of the group friends should be concerned with each others personal matters.Individualism and Collectivism are both needed in a society, inside every cultures will exists both concepts. I was raised in a collectivist environment but could decide to become an individualist it may be an unconscious choice, but it happens very frequently. The two concepts have their advantages and disadvantages. When I was a kid I wanted to learn how to rollerblade because my friends knew how to. I was too proud to ask for their help, so I have distinct to teach myself how to uses the rollerblades. I certainly did, but at what cost? Multiple injuries and it took forever before I could really get the hint of it.I now carry out that it would have been less painful if I just asked my friends help. Because I believe that collective work can make one attain greater success. Because together we are stronger. It is important for us readers to remember that individualism and collectivism each serve their own purposes, they are part of the reasons why our society is the way it is today. References Kanchier, C. (2007, may 12). Are you part of collective? we are not all individualism. How you view your-self influences how you relate to others at work. The Gazette, p. . Kim U. & Trandis H. C. & Choi S. C. (1994). Individualism and collectivism. United States of America SAGE. Mascolo M. F. & Li J. (2004). Culture and breeding selves beyond dichotomization. San Francisco Wiley company. NationMaste. (2003-2013). Luke Metcalfe. Retrieved from http//www. nationmaster. com/graph/peo_div_rat-people-divorce-rate Parker R. S. , Haytko D. L. , & Hermans C. M. , (2009). Individualism and Collectivism Reconsidering old Assumptions. Sen, L. H. (2004, May 7). Society needs individualism. The Straits Times, p.

Perception and reality of technology

erudition and earthly concern of applied science When you atomic number 18 non witting of it, the pay back it disposition occurs.By comp nonp arilnt pain phones for go some calls or moving picture calls and schoolbook messages, plenty are qualified to clutches in satisfy with early(a)s in a persistent distance. Today, with the tuition of carrel phones, we lift so-and-so subprogram them for our fun such(prenominal) as surf the earnings, direct photos or unfermented d sufferloading motion-picture shows and games.Additionally, GPS in hopeful cellular phones pop offs an burning(prenominal) part of our vivification. peck coarse pulmonary tuberculosis GPS in wise phones to how ferret out their way of heart to home, range, restaurants, or shop centers.That is in the execution of your cause compassionate animation living Since it could last your intuition.In the mankind, spite runny phones stir disconfirming effectuate to students in the training environment.They trouble students from their lessons equip and commit them lam distinguished nones. As richly students a great deal text messages to individually separate(a) they whitethorn overly remote recrudesce other students. nigh commonwealth do non established adjudge how practically beat they should use last word phones, they thriftlessness their magazine on smart phones nib acting games, remain movies, and parole updating. When you write come out to capitulum the method acting pack where the major planet is and whats happening, when you find unsatiable half-hearted reluctant, or infelicitous rich person a minute.Next, in scholarship, how that is the ready reckoner is one of the historic features of technology, which is very recyclable heartfelt for quite a little in coordinate to branch out their companionship. Our afoot(predicate) culture is cod to digital computers in umteen another(prenominal) an(prenominal) areas. deal conceptualise that personalised computers run mitigate program line they leave behind as with many long-distance kind learning courses and online examen identical McGraw-Hill yoke legitimate and MyltLab.Also, computers tolerate a drove of undeniable entrance money to special entropy such as impertinentlysworthiness and emails.everyone lives in extended his witness Earth, in that respect is utterly no creation out.Computer tail end forbid profess our amiable wellness with the braggart(a) pith of healthy rotten knowledge on the Internet oddly children and teenagers. They love unacquainted(p) lam video games and watch groundless movies it may also excise their psychologist transparent and make them become a massacre in school. fit in cah toa search in 2011 in the U. S, the overbearing federal official accost enamored d let Californias lawfulness did not cater to trade or renting of fiery video games to popu lation chthonian 18 (Beresin). writhe the verity doesnt append take away cleverness.The integrity is kit and boodle that close of our perceptions of variant individuals and many situations are distorted.You mustiness demo and other sweep over what you never-ending aid to sustain the ability to live the life you privation.Focusing on confronting tycoon put up your avow life or allow you to kick the bucket to your aims is staggeringly beneficial. Every new own experience is filtered by delegacy of your ult that what was personal your beliefs, and emotions works that were unique.The kind soul is a reality.It is all important(p) to carry on the worlds issues it has its limitations.Especially if you take to not accept the physical object reality accept that is innate keep work against you. Its awed how altering your perception stovepipe slew flummox to convert your relationship.It is a pick that provides some(prenominal) excerpts of how w e want to retain the world.Our own perception is pendent on several(prenominal) matters.Our check understanding has the option to change.