Dna, Clues And The Cheetah s Speed And Hurdles - 1235 Words

â€Å"In DNA, Clues to the Cheetah’s Speed and Hurdles,† by Barbara S. Moffet is an article published in the New York Times Science. This article fascinated me when I first read it because the topic not only perfectly aligned with what we have covered in class so far, but the story is the epitome of the power of genetics, genomic diversity, mutations, and natural selection playing in the ecosystem. In the article, Moffet introduces a study done by scientists at the Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics at St. Peterburg State University In Russia collaborated with BGI-Shenzhen in China and the Cheetah Conservation Fund. It was to analyze the entire genome of the cheetah by using blood samples from a cheetah known as Chewbaaka and six other cheetahs from Namibia and East Africa. Interestingly, the complete sequencing of the genome of cheetahs uncovered many interesting facts about cheetahs, including their impoverished genetic diversity, history of their population bottlenecks, and many mutations that led to their unique physiology and characteristics as one of the fastest animals existing in the current ecosystem. Genetic diversity in an animal is the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species, and it allows the population to adapt to the changing environment. Therefore, the more variation an animal contains, the higher chance it has the alleles that enable them to cope more successfully in the nature. However, through the genome

What Is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - 2151 Words

Augusto Gutierrez ENGLISH 1303 Instructor Zachary Turpin October 20, 2014 What is Post Traumatic Stress (PTS)? What are the effects and why should it not be considered a disorder? What is Post traumatic Stress Disorder or more commonly known as PTSD? It is unfortunately an affliction that has been generalized to a veteran issue as a negative side effect of enlistment and deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan, it is the â€Å"Agent Orange† of my generation. If you are unaware â€Å"Agent Orange† was a chemical that the military used in Vietnam as a chemical defoliant to ensure leaves would fall of the plants effectively removing forms of cover the Viet Cong troops used, as well as crops that were given in support of them. It has now been linked to causing various types of cancers and other medical issues not previously expected, this of course added more stigma to plague veterans of a long hated war. The biggest difference between Vietnam and now is that we are a volunteer force not like Vietnam which was a draft opposed by many, which has led to an apathy to fall on the American public. The origins of this affliction older than many realize as it dates back to the Bronze Age, Greek historian Herodotus wrote his account at the battle of Marathon 490 B.C.E. about an Athenian soldier who became blind â€Å"without blow of sword or dart†. In another account that he mentions was that the Spartan commander Leonidas would dismiss soldiers who â€Å"had no heart for the fight and were unwilling to takeShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder?977 Words   |  4 PagesWHAT IS POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER? What is post-traumatic stress disorder? Dr. Shira Maguen defines it as an anxiety disorder that may develop after an individual is exposed to one or more traumatic events.(Maguen 2008). In war situations military service members are exposed to many potential traumatic events. They could be put in life threatening danger or could be seriously injured. Witnessing a traumatic event such as a comrade being killed can also affect a service member. To be diagnosedRead MoreWhat Is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder? Essay1886 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder? The Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder, also referred as PTSD, is classified as a psychiatric disorder that is caused by experiencing or witnessing life-threatening events (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, 2007). Several examples of life- threatening events include military combat, natural disasters, terrorist incidents, serious accidents or physical or sexual assault in adult or childhood (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, 2007). Individuals that suffer fromRead MoreWhat are the effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on a Soldier?1229 Words   |  5 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder We usually think of war injuries as being physical, although one of the most common war injuries is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and the effects can be devastating. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is an emotional illness classified as an anxiety disorder and usually develops because of a terribly frightening, life-threatening, or otherwise highly unsafe event, often experienced in combat. Although this condition has likely existed since humans have enduredRead MoreWhat ´s Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder? Essay852 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is PTSD? Post-Traumatic Stress Di-sorder is a syndrome exp-erienced by many veter-ans, and is a priority of a plethora of psychological researchers. The Diag-nostic and Statistical Man-ual of Mental disorders lis-ts eight criterion for this widespread mental dis-ease, including a stressor, meddling symptoms, ev-asion, amendments in provocation and react-ivity, and a duration of symptoms for more than a month. PTSD is often characterized by disrupt-ions in sleep patterns, with the traumatic eventRead MorePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Causes Symptoms and Effects Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagesor suffered from a Traumatic Brain Injury during Operation Iraqi Freedom or Operation Enduring Freedom. What this number does not include are the 39,365 cases of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (more commonly known as PTSD). (Department 2009) Although we usually think of war injuries as being physical, one of the most common war injuries is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and the effects can be devas tating to a redeploying soldier who has come in contact with severely traumatic experiences. PTSDRead More Sexual Assault Among Women In the United States Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagesdegrees of depression, anxiety, and clinical stress. An issue to look at is how much control a victim of sexual assault has over her reaction. How much control can a woman have over repressing her emotions? How much of control does a woman have over her physical response to trauma? Furthermore what is the relationship between the mind and body? If a woman tries to repress her psychological response, does she develop a physical reaction? One type of disorder that develops among many women who have experiencedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder980 Words   |  4 Pageswhy is it that past events are the triggers that cause Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is an anxiety disorder that some people get after seeing or undergoing a dangerous event. There are various symptoms that begin to show or actions that can give a clear answer whether one may be diagnosed wi th this disorder. One of the many problems is that no age range is safe from suffering PTSD. One must ask themselves what set of events happened at that time to cause this disasterRead MorePtsd Is An Abbreviation For Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pagessymptoms of this disorder. They have proven themselves to be more than just an animal. Post-traumatic stress disorder dogs are far beyond just man’s best friend; they protect the protectors far after the wars end. First of all, what exactly is PTSD? PTSD is an abbreviation for post-traumatic stress disorder. One website says that the people that have this disorder developed it from being in a situation that was threatening or terrifying (â€Å"Post Traumatic Stress Disorder†). This disorder does not onlyRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Mayo-Clinic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, commonly known as PTSD is defined as â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Post Traumatic Stress disorder can prevent one from living a normal, healthy life. In 2014, Chris Kyle playedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )944 Words   |  4 Pageswith Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Stats). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder common found in veterans who came back from war. We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumatic

The Lord Of The Rings - 1698 Words

People are always looking for good ways to entertain themselves. Over the past few hundred years, several art forms have become a commonplace in society, such as plays, music, drawings, books, and, more recently, movies. Books and movies are two that have stomped their way into society with no remorse. They have been great ways to express people’s opinions, make social statements, and most importantly, entertain audiences. Both of these have had a profound effect on the world, whether it be through changing a way of life or just by making time pass for a few hours. Certain books and movies have played great roles in the world and had many influences. The Lord of the Rings has had a massively positive effect on both literature and film. Its creation has led to many positives and in doing so has become one of the most influential stories ever created. It has also led to some major impacts outside of literature and the film industry as well. Fantasy books have been around for a long time; however, the fantasy that people think of today has only been around for close to a century. Modern fantasy can very much be credited to J.R.R. Tolkien and his Lord of the Rings book series. According to author Katie Behrens’ article â€Å"Myth, Fairy Tales, Children: A Brief History of Fantasy†, The Lord of the Rings has had a profound effect on shaping fantasy into what it is today. She states in her article that the fantasy genre began with classics from mythology as they explored tales ofShow MoreRelatedThe Lord Of The Rings1648 Words   |  7 Pagesand religious truth (or error), but not explicit, not in the known form of the primary real world.† As The Lord Of The Rings is, by Tolkien’s definition, a fairy-story, it would be correct to assume that it, too, contains â€Å"elements of moral and religious truth.† However, many who read Lord Of The Rings dispute the trilogy’s religious con tent. Tolkien states, The Lord Of The Rings is of course a fundamentally religious and Catholic work†¦ That is why I have not put in, or have cut out, practicallyRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings1736 Words   |  7 PagesThe Lord Of The Rings The story began as a consequence to Tolkien s 1937 fantasy novel The Hobbit, but eventually improved into a much larger employment. Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, The Lord of the Rings is the second pick-selling surprising ever written, with over 150 million carbon copy sold. The Lord of the Rings is an epopoeia exalted-imagination recent written by English subcreator J. The toil was initially intended by Tolkien to be one roll of a two-volume put, the other toRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings1383 Words   |  6 PagesSome stories can affect people emotionally, but once in a while a story can call a person to escape to it. The Lord of the Rings is an enchanting story with masterful use of setting and sensational characters that engages readers and can move them to experience life in a deeper way. As a child J.R.R. Tolkien lived in Africa until his father passed away. Then his mother moved them to England. Mrs. Tolkien made certain that her children learned literature and languages. It was probably due somewhatRead MoreThe Lord Of The Ring1455 Words   |  6 PagesTom Bombadil placed the magic ring on his finger; everyone waited for him to disappear, but nothing happened, and he handed the ring back to Frodo without a slight hesitation. Frodo offered Galadriel the ring and she grew into a horrible creature towering over Frodo, but fought the ringâ€⠄¢s strong temptation, and finally decreasing back to her normal self and declined the powerful ring. Both Tom and Galadriel, in The Lord of the Ring, portray Tolkien’s respect for nature and strong spirituality, becauseRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings1549 Words   |  7 PagesDarkness extended over all of Middle-Earth like a veil during the time of war. New laws were enforced and the citizens’ freedom was taken away. Frodo’s magic ring represents the unsustainability of the environment, and the characters of Middle-Earth. In The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien uses the magic ring to reflect the politics of sustainability, by drawing from his own life experiences. Two philosophers, Scruton and Hart write their recipes for sustainability. Scruton believes that finding the rightRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings1469 Words   |  6 Pagesauthor of The Fantastic: A Structural Approach to a Literary Genre, defined fantasy as â€Å"the creation of a moment of hesitation betw een two worlds†(qtd. Kelly, Course Introduction 2). This description of the genre compliments J.R.R Tolkien’s The Lord Of The Rings trilogy due to the author’s use of sub-creation to construct his alternate world. Tolkien believed that the way to create a believable, all-encompassing world was to combine fragments of reality, or the â€Å"primary world†, together to constructRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings999 Words   |  4 Pagesby J.R.R. Tolkien in The Lord of the Rings, where the ultimate power source created contains enough power that the master of the Ring becomes in turn the master of Middle Earth, and absolute power follows in accordance to absolute corruption of he who possesses it. Many a man and creature wields the Ring, falling to the temptation of its power and the poison of its possession, bringing about death and evil life to the masters of the Ring.In Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings, the wizard Gandalf renouncesRead MoreThe Lord Of Th e Ring841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Lord of the Ring J.R.R Tolkien Setting the western, middle, and southern region of Middle earth in the third age Character Frodo - a Hobbit with the one ring and has to take it into the land of Mordor and throw it into Mount Doom Sam - a Hobbit who is Frodo’s best friend who helps Frodo on his journey and come with him to the end Peregrin Took - a Hobbit call Pippin, who is Frodo’s friend and he helps Frodo on his journey Merry - a Hobbit who is Frodo’s friend and he helps Frodo on his journeyRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings1352 Words   |  6 PagesThe darkness that had extended over Middle-Earth, lifted like a veil the moment the magic ring was destroyed. New laws were enforced and the citizens’ freedom was taken away. In The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien uses the magic ring to reflect the politics of sustainability, therefore exploring the hardships of an unsustainable community. Frodo’s magic ring represents the ruthless actions of the creatures of Middle-Earth. Two philosophers, Scruton and Hart write their recipes for sustainability. ScrutonRead MoreThe Lord Of The Rings Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring takes place in a fantasy world called Middle Earth. In which, a young human-like creature called a hobbit named Frodo Baggins, played by Elijah Wood, enjoys his peaceful life, but yearns for adventure like his infamous uncle Bilbo Baggins. Wood is caught up in an ancient war between good and evil. In this war, Wood is required to encumber a great burden in order to permanently conquer evil. Originally released on December 2001, The Lord of the Rings:

The Age Of The Reformation - 2258 Words

It is a well known fact that the Age of the Reformation was one of the significant movements in Western Christianity. The Protestant Reformation was a turning point in religion. Martin Luther, John Calvin etc. were reformists that allowed the Reformation to occur. However, before them there were other efforts that had been done for the reformation by Peter Waldo, John Wycliffe, Jan Hus, and so forth. According to (Bainton pg. 12) â€Å"the 16th century was an age of faith. It was even more an age of faith than the preceding period. For a parallel, one must go back several hundred years to the years to the days of the First Crusade or even to the founding of the Inquisition. In the period of the Reformation men were ready both to die and to kill†¦show more content†¦Instead of continuing his path of education for a career, he surprisingly joined a Augustinian monastery, where he prayed,fasted, meditated, and studied the bible in 1505. (history guide. org)â€Å"at this point , Luther rejected the world. He was twenty-one at the time. In 1505, Luther tells us that he experienced the first great event of his life. In that year he experienced some kind of conversion after having been struck by a bolt of lightning. He cried out, Help, St. Anne, I will become a monk. He was struck by the hand of God and felt that God was in everything. He felt doubt within himself – he simply could not reconcile his faith with his worldly ambitions. And so, Luther was plagued by an overwhelming sense of guilt, fear and terror. To relieve his anxiety he joined the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine. There he would be shielded from worldly distractions. There he would find the true path to heaven. He fasted, prayed and scourged himself relentlessly. But he still felt doubts. One day, as he sat in his cell, he threw his Bible on the table and pointed at a passage at random. The passage was from the Epistles of St. Paul: For the justice of God is revealed from faith to faith in that it is written, for the just shall live by faith. (Romans 1:17)† A- Causes Indulgences: according to Varicana a remission before God of the temporal punishment due to sins whose guilt has already been forgiven, which the faithful Christian who is duly disposed gains

Reliability and Validity Matrix Free Essays

TEST of Reliability | Application and APPROPRIATENESS| Strengths| Weaknesses| Internal Consistency| This measure of reliability is appropriate when trying to determine the difference in reliability from shortening or lengthening a test (Cohen Swerdlik, 2010). Here I am specifically referring to the Spearman-Brown formula being used to determine internal consistency. A researcher could also use other measures of internal consistency meant for heterogeneous test items, such as Inter-item consistency. We will write a custom essay sample on Reliability and Validity Matrix or any similar topic only for you Order Now The reliability of a test increases with an increase in the number of test items. One of the strengths of the Spearman-Brown Formula is that is can determine how much more or less reliable a test is as a researcher lengthens or shortens the test. This measure can also work in reverse and tell a researcher how many items they need to add to reach a certain reliability coefficient. | The problem with the use of the Spearman-Brown formula to determine internal consistency is that it is only affective with homogenous test items, that is items that are the same difficulty and length. Also, tests of reliability are higher for whole-test vs. half-test applications of the formula, which means that lengthier tests work better with this instrument. | Split-half| The split-half form of measuring reliability entails creating two halves in the same test that can be compared in the same manner as the parallel form of reliability testing uses. This type of measurement is appropriate when using odd-even reliability or random assignment splits, but is most applicable when designing mini-parallel forms of the same test. In this instance, each half is, â€Å"†¦as nearly equal as humanly possible—in format, stylistic, statistical, and related aspects† (Cohen Swerdlik, 2010, p. 145). | The strength of this kind of measure is that it is less time-consuming and less cumbersome for test-takers than the parallel form, but is also a good measure of internal consistency. This type of measurement also help keep in check intermediary variables that might introduce error variance into the analysis, since the both parallel portions of the test are taken at once. However, there are several intermediary variables that are enhanced by this form of measuring reliability: fatigue that is felt during the second part of the test but not the first and variance in the difficulty or content of the items in the first half vs. the second half. It is also not advised to simply split a test down the middle. The different halves should have the same content and difficulty of question for the measure of reli ability to be accurate. Test/retest| This type of test is applicable when the construct being measured is relatively stable over time, but is inappropriate for constructs that are not stable over time (Cohen Swerdlik, 2010). This is because test/retest reliability is based on taking the same test, with the same people, at two different times. If the construct being measured is purported to change over time, then the scores of the test would vary because of true variance, rather than error variance—which is the basis of reliability, the latter that is. An example of this principle might be an achievement test measuring grammatical skills. If the test-taker undergoes a series of lessons on grammar between the first test and the second test, then the test will show variance, but not due to error but due to the intermediary variable of education. Test/retest reliability would be inappropriate in this situation. | The strength of this measurement of reliability are in tests that, â€Å"†¦employ outcome measures such as reaction time or perceptual judgment† (Cohen Swerdlik, 2010, p. 143). This is because these types of psychometric traits do not vary greatly over time and are not sensitive to many types of intervening variable. The weakness of test/retest reliability is, of course, that the underlying constructs being tested can change over time, and therefore lower the test/retest reliability due to true variance rather than error variance. In this case, the overall reliability of a test might be seen as lower even though the actual measurement of the construct is stable (it is just that the construct itself varies). | Parallel and alternate forms| Both parallel and alternative forms of test reliability utilize multiple instances of the same test items at two different times with the same participants (Cohen Swerdlik, 2010). These types of measures of reliability would be most appropriate with tests that measure traits that are stable over a long period of time and inappropriate when measuring finite emotional states or anxiety levels. | The strength of this measure of reliability is that it measures the core construct through several variances of the same test item. If equivalent scores are found on multiple forms of the same test item, then the reliability of the test will go up. Moreover, there are ways to perform this type of reliability analysis without having the test-taker undergo multiple examinations: internal onsistency estimate of reliability. This type of analysis would save time and money. | Designing these types of measures are time-consuming, expensive, and tiresome for the test-taker who has to take variations of the same test items over and over again. Also, these forms of testing reliability are not dependable for measuring constructs that change over time, such as anxiety levels. Anoth er weakness is that if the tests are taken some time apart, then intervening variables might have an effect on the scores, thereby increasing error variance. Test of Validity| Application and APPROPRIATENESS| Strengths| Weaknesses| Face validity| Face validity is a description of the subjective perception of the test-taker of the test’s validity (Cohen Swerdlik, 2010). This measure is not so much a quantification of the test’s actual validity, but a measure of the test-taker’s perception of the test’s validity. Face validity is most appropriate when measuring the test-takers confidence that a test measures what it purports to measure. The strength of face validity is that if the test-taker has confidence in the validity of test, then they are more likely to take the test, and further the test user is more likely to administer the test. Without face validity, the test might be perfectly valid, but it is not administered or taken properly because the user/ taker does not have confidence in the test. | The weakness of face validity is that it might not measure actual validity. A test can appear to be valid to the user/taker while also being completely invalid for the construct/time/place of the test. A good example might be the inkblot test. Psychologists that adhere to the psychodynamic perspective of psychopathology would say that the test is perfectly valid for determining personality characteristics, but the test taker might not understanding how the test applies to personality development, thereby undermining the face validity of the test. | Content validity| Measures of content validity are most useful in situations a test designer is trying to create test items that match the content of the material being tested (Cohen Swerdlik, 2010). For instance, a final course exam should test the content area that the course covered. Further, this measure might not be applicable in situations where the skills that the test designer are looking for in the applicant are not currently part of the skill-set of the already employed, such as in cases of new positions. | One of the strengths of content validity is that it can used to work backwards from job responsibilities to job applicant requirements. First, the test designer would examine veteran workers perform their job, and then design an application process that looks for these qualities in a potential employee. The items that are judge essential for the job are the ones that are most advantageous for the applicant to possess. | The downfall of content validity is that the perspective of the material being covered is culturally and chronologically subjective, meaning that the questions can have different answers in different areas of the world or at different times. Therefore, the test items must be culturally and chronologically accurate for the test-takers for content validity to be used. | Criterion related| I know this is personal opinion, but I think that criterion-related validity is the most powerful of all of the methods of verifying validity—especially concurrent validity. This type of validity is used to verify that the criterion that the test score purports to represent is actually in the sample of individuals being tested (Cohen Swerdlik, 2010). For instance, a group of people who have already been diagnosed with schizophrenia could be tested using a new instruments and if they all score high on the test for schizophrenia, then the test can be said to have acceptable validity. | One of the strengths of criterion-related validity is that it is a very powerful measure of the actual validity of a test score. This type of validity uses methods external to the test itself to verify that the test covers the subject matter and criterion that it purports to cover. This fact alone makes this measure the most objective and verifiable of the measures of validity. A weakness of content validity is that criterion contaminations can occur, which is when the same predictor measure and criterion measure are used. As an example, if the diagnosis of a mental disorder by a panel of diagnosticians is used both as the test criterion and the measure of test validity. | Construct| Construct validity is the umbrella under which all of the other sub -types of validity fall (Cohen Swerdlik, 2010). Construct validity is appropriate to use in cases where a test is trying to measure some underlying construct, such as intelligence or anxiety. I suppose this measure of validity might not be appropriate in situations where there is not one clear construct that is being measured, such as generalized achievement tests. | One of the main strengths of construct validity is that the procedures used to verify underlying constructs follow the edicts of the scientific method. A hypothesis is formulated, predicting that if someone possesses in great quantity the construct of intelligences—as verified through other measures—then they will score high on a test purporting to measure intelligence. In this way, a predictions is made based on scientific facts and then the test is used to determine if the prediction holds true. If it does not, then the test items, predictions, or underlying construct might need to be revised. | The downfall of this measure of validity is that if there is not one clear construct or if the construct is vaguely defined, then the validity of the test score is not measurable. So, the validity of the test rests on the underlying construct definition and specificity. | How to cite Reliability and Validity Matrix, Papers

Esprit free essay sample

Proposal is written to sell an item or idea to a company. It is usually used for research and project request. It used to attempt to propose new idea, products or services. 1) It is essential to educate potential customer or client about your product or service to offer. 2) You have to provide convincing statement why the customer needs the product or service. 3) At last, illustrate the return of investment (ROI). A product or service demonstration should also be included in order to know the benefits and advantages. An effective proposal has an increase the chances of attaining positive results. It has included 4 main points:- 1) Introduction; 2) Background of the Study; 3) General Objectives; 4) Specific Objectives   Ã‚     To discuss the process in terms of operation   Ã‚      To describe the beginning of your proposal, state your purpose clearly. Also, mention your background information so that your audience or reader will understand your proposal. In addition, avoid technical terms and use language that everyone can understand. We will write a custom essay sample on Esprit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order to have an effective proposal, you should define the problem clearly and then specify your solution to solve the problem. Remember that the purpose of your proposal is to convince your reader or audience that your solution is the best. As much as possible provide samples and information based on facts to be more convincing and meaningful. Your opinion will not support by your audience. Research more about your topic to have more concrete evidence that will support your proposal. The most concern of your audience if your proposal is financially feasible, that’s why it is important that your proposal is attainable and affordable by the company. Think of company’s finances. Explain to them that your proposal would be worth their money and time. You can provide cost benefit analysis. Finally, overall appearance of your proposal should be perfect such as proper margin, grammar and spelling. Research Proposal Format Below is a suggested format of a research proposal I. Prefatory parts a. Title Page b. Letter of Transmittal c. Table of Contents d. List of Tables and/or figures(if any) e. Executive summary or abstract II. Body of Proposal a. Introduction i. Problem ii. Need iii. Background iv. Objectives or Purpose b. Procedure i. Methods and sources ii. Strategies iii. Equipment, facilities, products c. Personal qualifications d. Evaluation and benefits of project e. Budget of cost, prices, total bid III. Supplementary parts i. Budget justification ii. References b. Tables, maps, graphs (if any) Practical Proposal Writing Tips Writing proposal can be a tedious job for someone. The following are some practical tips. 1. Identify the problem, need or knowledge to be address properly. 2. Clearly state your objectives and explain the proposed outcomes to address the problems. 3. Make sure that you have appropriate rationale for each study. Also, explain the importance of your project. 4. Define your methodology to be used in order to accomplish your objectives including the activities that will take place. . Don’t forget to include the cost of your project being proposed. 6. Make sure to organize your project into proper format because it is an effective way of communicating of the details of the proposed work or project. 7. Don’t forget to read instruction carefully before start writing because reviewer of your proposal will check the designated format as well the required information. 8. Be simple and concise by removing all unnecessary detail or information. 9. Make your work well-organized and concise so that it will stand out in the crowd. That’s all. Hope can help you. Good luck

Breaker Morant Major JF Thomas character analy Essay Example For Students

Breaker Morant Major JF Thomas character analy Essay sisJ.F. Thomas, played by Jack Thompson, was an intelligent man and well versed in his profession, although it didnt seem this way in the beginnings of this case. As is clear to the viewer, he is unorganised, aloof, and unconfident. This is seen in the scene that introduces him to the movie (Show scene). Notice how he is clumsy, and keeps dropping the papers. As we journey further into the trial, Thomass confidence grows. At first, he is not very confident, and this can be seen in his stance note how he is leaning on the table for support, instead of standing up straight, with confidence. Yet his confidence grows. While the rules of war prohibited using prisoners as shields from attack, prosecution witnesses admit under Thomass effective cross-examination that placing railway cars filled with Boer prisoners as the lead car for British trains stopped the bombing of rail lines. Major Thomas forces Captain Robertson, a prosecution witness, to admit that he too had continued to use this tactic because though irregular, it was effective. It is here that the viewer can clearly see his increased confidence, that is shown in his now confident stance, he is standing up straight and tall, and he raises his voice to make his point clear (show scene). Thomas felt that there were inconsistencies in the military code of the law at the trial, but mature consideration showed him that what was done in the courtroom was overall, properly enough done. His own performance had included some lapses; remember the comment from the Judge Advocates review that a heap of irrelevant evidence was admitted by the Court on the part of the defence despite the ruling of the judge advocate But no matter the outcome of the courts martial, there is no way in which Thomas could have been accused of failure as an advocate. When he took on the defence brief his charges had already been subjected to 12 weeks of close, generally solitary confinement. Having been passed from court of inquiry to the co urt martial considerably bewildered them, and they had almost no time for consultation with this stranger who was to be their lawyer. Equally, Thomas had no clear knowledge at the outset of the ramifications of the charges either in the military or legal sense, and no personal knowledge of the men concerned. Yet in spite of all that, he put up an amazingly good effort when the gravity of the charges and the nature of the evidence are considered. He pleaded cogently and successfully enough to get the men acquitted on one charge, and when court came to sentencing, 2 of the accused men were recommended to mercy a recommendation that was surely based on Thomass pleas. But there was no way he could clear them all, no way he could save Morant and Handcock for that morning parade when they stared down the muzzles of a row of rifles. To Thomas, though, the two salient facts were that the prisoners had been accused of doing what many others had done without being brought to trial, and that the executions of Morant and Handcock were far too severe as punishment. Major J. F. Thomas, the defence counsel, countered with questions that challenged the members of the Court-Martial to look past the rules in the book to see the realities of this war at this time. Rhetorically, Major Thomas asked the court what these printed rules had to do with the fear and anger, the blood and death, that daily faced the Bushveldt Carabineers. Should it not be expected that when one side departs from the formal rules of war that the other side will also depart from those formal rules? How can the members of the Court-Martial justly judge the accused men unless they themselves had faced the same pressures and provocations that Lieutenants Morant, Handcock, and Witton had faced? Major Thomas argued that these printed rules of war were clear and understandable only from the calm and security of Pietersburg, but that they should not be applied to soldiers in war. Soldiers in the stress of combat duty should not be held accountable