Business process reengineering Essay Example for Free

Business process reengineering EssayThis article is about air process reengineering. ancestry processes we mint say is the core tasks that are carried out in incisions in an organic law for the ultimate goal of delivering a increase and a high character reference angiotensin converting enzyme at that and services to the satisfaction of the customer. Business process reengineering is the modeling of the existing processed to steer the organization towards better performance. This is non considered to be make over a long period of conviction but rather it is something which is d genius at once so in a carriage there is a change of the way things are done but the aim is to come up with a better way for a better benefit. Examples of business processes is the carriage in which information flows in an organization,management, departmental tasks,, that is the sales and marketing, overlapion, as soundly as operational and technical back up. Business process reengineering strategy is to improve the business competitive advantage. In discussion is its scope and strength. In consideration is the size of the business alongside the composition of the market. Its main aim is better the existing business processes and sees how they make a business overmuch better than it was before.We can in addition call it business transformation whereby the existing organization transforms the way clobber is done with a way of improving the services as well reducing the addresss. It is as well as aimed at adding value to the existing business processes and maintain the ones which are applicable as they are while at the same time minimizing or getting rid of those that do not add value to the organization. The article also speaks about organizational close. An organization is a work setting which comprises of employees.These may be in different departments e. g. sales and marketing, production, and transport department. These departments are interdep annulent an d they support one another in their functions. Their main aim is for the organization to achieve its goals and objectives. It comprises of employees who are the humankind resources. Culture in itself is beliefs, norms, attitudes, values and experiences of an organization and the people who work there. Organizational conclusion is the way things are done there.There is a tr finish up of the way the management operates and the way people behave and the manner in which they work. An example of an organization culture is the role culture where emphasis is laid on the concentration on the task carried out. Teamwork is also is a type of culture where tasks are reach outed by a group of people working together with a common goal. They however work as a tea m but this they do in order to achieve the organization goals and objectives as a whole.This is the analysis of the existing business processes in which case is the way tasks are carried out in an organization and working towards tra nsforming them and implementing the new process with the aim improving products and services that the organization offers. A group of processes are observe whereby individual tasks are allocated to a team with a wide range of expertise to accomplish with the main aim of achieving the organization goals and objectives. It is also aimed at improving the organization efficiency and effectiveness.The main aim of BPR is to increase an organization competitive advantage and a new competitive edge. An organization can achieve its goals a fresh through business process reengineering since it is as good as new. Cost is the price at which the end product is sold for. In cost strategy the consideration is to penetrate the market with a low price while at the same time offering the standard quality product and even better than that of the competitor but a lower cost. This lead be seen to give an organization the competitive edge.The key issue is to maintain the quality of the product while li asing with all the department s in order to hold back that at all costs the cost is reduced from the marketing department to the production department. Cost reduction should be considered in all aspects of the organization and in the whole business process as a whole . this will enable the organisation to reach the consumer with a high quality product and a t a favourable price. Another organization process is production. This is the diversity of the raw materials into a product.The organization has a plant in which there is manual machinery which is used in the production process. Human effort is considered in warhead the materials some of them onto the machinery for production. Efficiency is required in order to ensure that the product at the end of the day is prepared on time and also should be of the standard quality. At all times the organization should seek ways to ensure that the costs of production are kept at the lower limit in order to ensure that the product reaches th e market at a low price, in order to enjoy a competitive advantage.This is the computerized use of machinery. The machinery in the organization is controlled using computers and all the production processes are computer controlled. This will ensure that the product is of high quality, speed will be increased since the machines work much faster than human beings. Efficiency is enhanced where there is continuity of the work being done as well as the uniformity since the machines do not take days off. This will ensure that the supply of products in the market is constant and availability is enhanced.Supplies also can be made even on orders which have been made over a short period of time since the machinery can be able to take the production to be done with the minimum time possible. This can also ensure that there is a reduction in the cost of production where there are no many human resources required together with the expenses that go with them like medical cover, housing allowance s, as well as pension funds. Cost reduction is effective, and it ensures that the product at the end of the day penetrates the market at a very low cost which will enable the organization to build a large customer base, and also expand its market share.This is a combination of beliefs, attitudes, norms adopted by people in an organization and the manner in which they work. It is best described as a collection of norms and values by people and groups working in an organization. This is a type of culture where efforts are directed towards a product or a service being delivered. it brings human resources together and also pulling resources together for the benefit of coming up with the best possible product or service.It is a team culture whereby a team is built and it is assigned a certain project with an aim of achieving a certain goal and objective. In this culture the team is composed of people qualified in different fields of expertise and is marked by sessions of brainstorming wh ere ideas are formed on how to accomplish the set task. There is also an element of friendliness, as the members all the employees working in a team have to combine efforts and hence each one of them is as grievous and hence they have got to form alliances. It is from expertise that power is derived.Team members have a scope of ideas which they bring on board and afford towards accomplishment of the set tasks. The main aim is to reduce costs in all aspects of the organization from sales and marketing and other departments to production. This will ensure that the end consumer will enjoy a lower price of the product than that of the competitor. Cutting costs should be considered in all the organization processes. When the cost is reduced the product is able to penetrate the market at a relatively lower price than that of the competitor products.This will increase the market share as well as the profits. When there is an increase in the profits the organization will also be able to r un efficiently and be able to meet its consumer needs as well as enjoy growth in terms of better service and product delivery. This can be achieved through peck s production and distribution, reduction of waste and also a reduction of the market force while also maintaining a goal oriented team. This is the time for business process reengineering.It should be considered since it is for the better of the organization where it gets rid of obsolete business processes and introducing and bringing fresh ideas and ways of working in an organization in order to come up with fresh ideas as well as improve the organization efficiency in delivery of products and services. Organization culture plays an important role in the way an organization operates. It is very important that an organization adopts a culture that favours its goals and objectives and enhances the growth of the organization as well as ensure that it encourages the employees to work towards achieving the organization goals.

Primary Health Care - Indigenous Australian Inequalities Essay Example for Free

Primary Health C be autochthonic Australian Inequalities EssayPage 1 The World Health Organisation (World Health Organisation, 2008) areas that the indigenous hatfuls of Australia are one of the most disadvantaged indigenous groups in the essential world. The health of the Indigenous population of Australia is an increasingly pressing issue. Current seek and statistics reveals bully ine attribute in more areas of health safeguard and health status surrounded by the autochthonic people and the general population of Australia.Couzos and Murray (2008, p.29) musical composition that the Indigenous population has the worst health status of any identifiable group in Australia, and the poorest accession to health systems. This writing will examine the underlying historical contexts and contributing factors that have lead to the current disparity between the health of the Indigenous Australians and non-Indigenous Australians. Furthermore, the high prevalence of conti nuing health issues much(prenominal) as diabetes will be analysed and community health initiatives that are impoverishmented or currently being enacted will be identified. many a(prenominal) reasons for the current appalling state of health and wellbeing of the Australian indigene people can be relieveed by examining their youthful history to the devastating impacts of colonisation, genocidal policy, button of land and years of oppression. These several hundred years of cultural destruction, dispossession and social and political upheaval have resulted in generations of trauma and grief (Burke, 2006, para. 4).As reported by Forsyth (2007, p.35-36), government policies enacted towards the indigenous population in the early 20th Century were concerned primarily with protection and segregation, as the prevailing placement of the time was that the Indigenous people were largely inferior and were unable to care for themselves. Forsyth continues to explain of the injustice created by the New sec Wales parliament with the Aborigines Protection symbolise of 1909, in which every aspect of their lives was governed, regulated and controlled (Forsyth, 2007, p. 36).Furthermore the Indigenous people of this era were not able to imbibe alcohol, own property, vote or populate with non-Indigenous people, and the state of their health was largely ignored due to the belief that they were a dying race. (Couzos et. Page 2 al. 2008, p. 3). Due to this essentially complete lack of health care, Forsyth describes the Aboriginal people of the era nutriment on the outskirts of larger towns as suffering from high rates of blindness, infectious diseases, bone diseases and sexually transmitted infections (Forsyth, 2007, p.36).The grimness of these health issues was made worse by fear and distrust of the Aboriginal people towards hospitals and white people (Forsyth, 2007, p. 37). As the 20th Century progressed it became obvious that the Aboriginal population was not a soon to b e extinct race as earlier thought, and new political policy calling for assimilation and integration reflected this change, though protectionist and segregationist policies remained influential or continued until the 1970s (Couzos et.al. 2008, p. 4).In the 1960s attitudes of Australian society began to became more concerned for the wellbeing Indigenous people, with increase social conciousness and awareness spreading throughout the Western World. As a result of increasing political activity and demonstration, many Aboriginals were forced off send in 1966, causing a large movement of Indigenous people to more urban areas such as Redfern (Couzos et. al. 2008, p. 7).This sudden increase in song highlighted the need for proper health care and services, with the first Aboriginal health service established in 1971. Throughout the 1970s an increase in research and reporting of Aboriginal health resulted in many state and commonwealth reports all with the same conclusion, that the health status of Aboriginal communities was appalling and that there was great need for increased priority, increased resourcing, better coordination, and increased Aboriginal community participation and control (Couzos et. al. 2008, p. 10).However very little action was taken until the 1990s2000s where pertinent political policy was brought in and funding made available for Aboriginal health services, though they mostly remain inadequately funded and Aboriginal health care is still largely unrepresented and avoided by the Australian Government. The ongoing publications of racist and unjust political policy and action can in part explain current aspects of dysfunction and overall disadvantage that occurs in many Indigenous Page 3 communities today.Specifically this disadvantage is evident in many areas of community life, with Indigenous people being generally exposed to more risk factors for poor health than other Australians (Thomson, MacRae, Burns, Catto, Debuyst, Krom, Midford, Potter , Ride, Stumpers and Urquhart, 2010, para. 49). Examples of risk factors include social factors such as dispossession, dislocation and discrimination, educational factors such as poor schooling, resulting in much lower literacy and numeracy skills, economic factors such as lower income and higher unemployment, access to vertical quality health care and GPs, and physical environ psychic factors such as poor and overcrowded housing.Together these disadvantages provide for a higher likelihood of poor life-style choices such as alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use, a poor and unbalanced diet, obesity and a lack of regular exercise (Thomson et. al. 2010, para. 49, Couzos et. al. 2008, p. 79). Poor access to good quality health care is one of the key predictors for the prevalence of poor health in a community. There are very few GPs available in opposed locations, and as a result of no or little access to professional health care providers, these remote areas are susceptible to poor h ealth awareness and knowledge.As reported by Thomson et. al. (2010, para. 3), almost one-quarter of Indigenous people are classified as living in a remote area with very little access to goods and services or opportunities for social interaction. Couzos et. al. (2008, p. 18) also consider poor access to GPs as shown by a 2000-2001 survey of GPs. As reported, only 0. 8% of GP visits were by Indigenous people, though they make up 2. 6% of the general population. Furthermore, more than 70% of GPs did not see a single Indigenous person during the survey period.This under representation of the Indigenous population visiting GPs indicates a clear need for increased access to professional health care, and is just one factor of many which demonstrates the need for improvement in the health and wellbeing of the Australian Indigenous people. Page 4 Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition which can result in many major long term health complications such as stroke, kidney disease, blindness and greatly reduced life expectancy (Allman, 2008, p. 80, Zeng, 2006, p. 73).Diabetes can be classified into three main types, with the second type, non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) the main form developed as a result of lifestyle factors. As reported by Thomson et. al. (2010, para. 2), NIDDM is currently one of the most important health problems for Indigenous populations crosswise Australia, with only around half of those with the condition know they have it, and the proportion of affected Indigenous population estimated to be around 4 four time that of the general population.Couzos et. al. (2008, p. 525) expand that Aboriginal people are also significantly more likely to develop NIDDM at a much jr. age, more likely to be hospitalised, and to die from associated complications. This over representation of diabetes in the Indigenous population is a result of their poor health status and education. Thomson et. al. (2010) report that many studies have linked high aims of obesity among Indigenous populations and high prevalence of NIDDM.The main factors linked to this high levels of obesity are the relatively recent availability of highly processed and sugary Western foods and drinks including alcohol and tobacco use, impaired glucose tolerence, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypertension, hyperinsulinaemia and a higher level of physical inactivity than non-Indigenous people (Thomson et. al. 2010). Diabetes prevalence is also linked to a lower socioeconomic status, and as previously examined, a high proportion of the Indigenous population suffer from many areas of disadvantage, which results in a lower socioeconomic status.As further explained by Thomson et. al. (2010) these effects are further aggravated by poor health promotion and knowledge, mental illness and stress, early emotional development and social status, and recent trends indicate increasing development and prevalence of NIDDM. Clearly the Aboriginal population is exposed to many risk factor s for diabetes and other chronic conditions, and with increasing development trends, explains poor mortality rates and overall poor health status of their communities. Page 5.Community found programs are essential for the improvement of Indigenous health due to the close-knit nature of their culture and often remote location. This was begun in 2003 at national level with the development of The National Strategic Framework for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health, which targeted strengthening of health service infrastructure, accessibility to health services, and health promotion, most significantly the importance of balanced nutrition and regular exercise (Couzos et. al. 2008, p.522, Insel, Ross, McMahon and Bernstein, 2010, p. 653).Cribbes and Glaister (2007, p. 167) describe the importance of health promotion and awareness at the community level, with a focus on re-establishing more traditional food choices and encouraging traditional hunting skills. The traditional Indig enous diet is highly nutritious, being high in protein, low in fat and high in complex carbohydrates, and as considered by Cribbes et. al. (2007, p. 167) is an excellent way to protect against chronic conditions such as diabetes.However the majority of remote Indigenous peoples obtain their food from local stores, thus initiatives such as the Remote Indigenous Stores and Takeaway Project were undertaken to establish minimum salutary alimentation standards and to educate store managers in nutrition. By empowering local store managers in this way, they are able to further educate the local schools and wider community in healthy eating (Cribbes. et. al. 2007, p. 167).As reported by the Dragon and Anderson (2011, p.28), Close The Gap (CTP) is another national level campaign which has a carry on effect to the community level. CTP aims to resolve the disparity in life expectancy rates and health equality between Aboriginal Australians and the general population, and has been endorsed by federal and state governments. CTP focuses on management of chronic conditions such as diabetes and follow up care. Management and awareness of diabetes is an essential component of improving health standards, and as fag (2001, p.147-155) explains, Aboriginal people with diabetes commonly avoid mainstream health services for their health care.This mismanagement can lead to the development of diabetes related complications and greatly reduced quality Page 6 of life and life expectancy. On going strategies and studies identified the need for Aboriginal health workers to deliver community level care and health services for successful diabetes management (King, 2001). In conclusion, Aboriginal health standards have been of an appalling standard for many years due to racist policies, attitudes and in-humane treatment.The damage do and denigration of their lives, families and cultures has only recently began to be repaired by collective efforts nation wide, with a unified goal of self a nd community-empowerment, improvement of quality of life and living standards. With the expansion and ongoing deliverance of community focused solutions, many risks for ill-health and chronic conditions can be greatly reduced and the health status disparity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians can in the future be eliminated. Page 7 References Allman, T.(2008) Genes disease diabetes. New York Infobase Publishing. Dragon, N. and Anderson, K. (2011). Indigenous health. Australian Nursing Journal, 19(2), 24-8. Burke, S. (2006). Changing practices, changing paradigms works effectively with Indigenous clients. Australian Psychological Society. Retrieved October, 5, 2011 from http//www. psychology. org. au/publications/inpsych/changing/ Couzos, S. Murray, R. (2008). Aboriginal primary health care An evidence-based approach. South Melbourne Oxford University Press. Cribbes. M. and Glaister. K.(2007). Its not easy caring for Aboriginal clients with diabetes in remote Au stralia. Contemporary Nurse, 25 163-172. Forsyth (2007). Telling stories nurses, politics and aboriginal australians, circa 19001980s. Contemporary Nurse, 24(1), 33-44. Insel, P. , Ross, D. , McMahon, K. and Bernstein, M. (2010). Nutrition. Massachusetts Jones and Bartless Publishers. King, M. (2001). The diabetes health care of Aboriginal people in South Australia. Contemporary Nurse, 10(3,4), 147-155. Page 8 Thomson N, MacRae A, Burns J, Catto M, Debuyst O, Krom I, Midford.R, Potter C, Ride K, Stumpers S, Urquhart B (2010). Summary of Australian Indigenous health, 2010. Retrieved October. 6, 2011 from http//www. healthinfonet. ecu. edu. au/health-facts/summary World Health Organization. (2008). ending the Gap in a generation. Health equity through action on the social determinants of health. Commission on Social Determinants of Health Final Report. Retrieved October, 6, 2011 from http//www. who. int/social_determinants/thecommission/finalreport/en /index. html Zeng, Y. (2006 ). Longer life and healthy aging. Philadelphia Springer.

Impact of Brand Name on Consumer Decision Making

Impact of sword Name on Consumer Decision MakingBrand Name ConsumerTodays generation follows the pattern of capitalism where human values argon measured by, you argon known by what you lead not by what you are. This naturally leads to a social structure where everyone seeks uniqueness by possessing things which bushels them obscure from everybody else.Nowadays, shops not only represent the symbol of a company or intersection pointion yet similarly define the daily life of a soul to a larger extent . Products used by a person often reflect the persons tastes, status in guild, and economic background. When customers purchase growths, the consumers superior is frequently affected by filth make. round customers purchase specific fault intersections only due to fall guy name.The purpose of this thesis is to create a deeper consideration around how injury name affects consumers when they gor for purchasing a car. More over the author wants to identify if there is an y connection between crack name and consumer decision making.The explore method involved a critically analysed review on secondary research upon the subject. It brooks the reader with an understanding of the relation between companies and consumers in terms of brand law, emotional cicatrix, consumer behaviour, and consumer decision making.From the secondary research, the basis for primary research was created. The use of a questionnaire allowed the author to identify undivided feelings when bulk go for purchasing car. All of the respondents answered every question upon which quantitative data and baringings were produced.The findings and analysis of the research conducted, concluded that brand name is the most signifi weedt aspect when nation go for purchasing a car. Furthermore, the results examine that most people prefer brand products which signify consumer status and social status.The paper concludes with an evaluation of the study, limitations, and recommendations f or push research.Reasons for prize of topicEvery brand dissents in label or symbols like logo, trade mark, design and packing. A brand name is a signal to value the customer from similar brands and protect the producer from the competitors (Aaker, 1991). Brand names present umpteen things about a product and give number of information about it to the customers and alike tell the customer or potential buyer what the product means to them (Hansen Christensen, 2003). Brand names affect consumers purchasing behaviour enormously. It is cardinal for companies to find out customers decision process and pinpoint the criteria, which customers apply while making decision (Cravens Piercy, 2006).In todays business environment, companies must(prenominal) work harder than ever before to achieve most degree of contraryiation in their products. Many companies have sought to achieve this differentiation by mark their products, simply putting the companys name on a product (Aaker, 1991). The author has chosen the topic to try to gain further acquaintance about the subject of how brand name affects consumer decision in car choice. The reasons for attempting to gain further knowledge are simply based upon the authors great interest towards the car industry and consumer behaviour. The author is particularly interested in why customers prefer brand products in case of brand cars. also the effect of brand name on consumer decision making allow be of great curiosity to the author.Academic objectives of dissertationThis study attempts to highlight and fishing tackle the extent to how brand name affects consumer decision in car choice. This is to allow a great understanding of the relation between companies and consumers in terms of brand righteousness, emotional branding, consumer behaviour, and consumer decision making. In fiat to achieve this main aim, the following objectives have been producedTo discover any assets and liabilities of brand equity in case of addin g or subtracting value for customers.To understand why emotional branding creates feelings and what kind of feelings.To explore how individuals select, purchase, and use or dispose products to satisfy their needs and desires.To investigate consumer decision making and the way of information search when customers go for purchasing a car.Outline of chaptersAs the introduction is chapter one, the surplus of this study is organised and structured as followedChapter Two- This chapter is to set the scene for the study. It presents the background of the current situation of the car industry and the influence of brands in society.Chapter Three This chapter is a review of earlier research and literature on brand name and the effect it has on the consumers purchase decision. In this chapter the earlier literature is critically analysed upon its relevance and importance to the study.Chapter Four The methodology of the study is intercommunicate in this chapter. It involves a description of the research under presumen for the study and a justification of why. The approaches and methods of research are detailed here and justified.Chapter Five This chapter is the findings and analysis of primary research as well as secondary research undertaken towards the study. The findings from the primary research are analysed against the earlier literature and research from chapter three.Chapter Six- This chapter is a conclusion, commenting on the initial objectives of the study. The limitations and recommendations for further research are also discussed in this chapter.Car Industry BackgroundThe European Union is the worlds largest car manu incidenturing region and the worlds biggest market, not only in surface terms, but also due to the intensity of competition (Lung, 2003). Europe constitutes a accredited simple machine space, inasmuch as the routing and regulation of the supply and demand for machine products here has mainly taken place at a regional level (Carrillo, Lung, van Tulder, 2004). We can therefore say that we are in the figurehead of what can be called a European locomote system (Lung, 2001).From the perspective of car manufacturers the competitive pressure is increasing and their established role is threatened (Selz Klein, 1998). Franchising dominates automobile distribution because of the need to decentralize pricing and control of decisions (Vazquez, 2004).The sales and distribution sector is set to experience considerable change (Eurofund, 2004). The aim of the Commission regulation is to promote competition and a better deal for consumers. It separates sore car sales, repair and parts supply, and gives more autonomy to dealers and repairers (Eurofund, 2004). The idea is that much(prenominal) liberalization allow for promote intrabrand competition, that is, competition between dealers of the same brand (Verboven, 2006).Furthermore, cars of different manufactures look increasingly similar. Product differences are reduced to design asp ects, and thus require new branding concepts. At the same while, we move away from the simple durable good car to a complex bundle, incorporating diverse s and after-sales s (Dudenhffer, 1997). When a company is deciding which new products to add to its line, it should consider two recognize factors First, which new product contenders best fit its distribution system, and second, whether the distribution system will add value to the product in the eyes of the end user (Fites, 1996).Brands in Society Todays generation follows the pattern of capitalism where human values are measured by, you are known by what you have not by what you are. This naturally leads to a social structure where everyone seeks uniqueness by possessing things which sets them apart(predicate) from everybody else. Brands not only represent the symbol of the company or product but to a larger extent define the general life of a person.Brand is a combination of name, symbol and design. Brands represent customer perceptions about the make outance of a product. A occasionful brand is which resides in the mind of the consumer. Brands differ in the amount of power and worth they have in the market place. Brands with high awareness have a high level of acceptability and customers do not refuse to buy such brands as they enjoy the brand performance (Kotler et al., 2005).The history of branding goes back when people utilized burned mark on cattle in order to identify quality (Bengtsson, 2002). Brands differ in name or symbol, trade mark, design and packing. Products are recognized with these elements and thus make it possible to differentiate one product from the new(prenominal). A brand is a signal to protect the customer from similar brand names and protect the producer from the competitors (Aaker, 1991). Usually people do not buy certain brands because of design and requirements, but also in an attempt to enhance their egotism esteem in society (De Chernatory McDonald, 1992).Brand names present many things about products and give a number of information to customers. When customers consider to purchase they adjudicate the product immediately by reconstructing the product from memory (Hansen Christensen, 2003).In todays business environment, companies must work harder than ever before to achieve more or less degree of product differentiation. Many companies have sought to achieve this differentiation by branding their products, simply putting the companys name on a product (Aaker, 1991). In this respect companies offer different packages to customers in this competition war for raising awareness among the customers about the branded product.Brand and Consumer PerceptionsIn every industry corporate executives are finding that to be competitive they must increase the communication and contact between their company and their customers (Girsky, 2003). Automotive is no exception car manufacturers face mounting pressures related to acquiring and retaining customers. Wh ile many dealers have assumed that customers make decisions primarily on a rational, fact-driven basis, the fairness is that most purchase decisions also involve emotion, intuition and impulse (Zaltmann, 2003).The reason customers buy cars is more connected to the overall experience of the purchase and ownership of an automobile than it is to any traditional impetus such as brand committal, value, or personal blood with the dealer (Bolton, 2002). In this environment, competitive benefit will toss to the imparter whose value net is most tightly linked and built around the customer To attract new customers, and sell more to each of them over a lifetime, manufacturers need to move away from their traditional build it and they will come approach to capture customer wallet share (IBM, 2003). To facilitate increase revenue capture over the customer lifecycle, dealers should work to create a collaborative business environment. Increased collaboration will help dealers manage custome r touchpoints more efficiently and effectively, increase personalization and establish emotional bonds between themselves and their customers (IBM, 2003).Seeing, touching, and driving the product are still crucial to the purchase decision for most consumers (Helper, 2000).The phylogeny of customer needs advances continually (IBM, 2003). Successful merchandise requires understanding how customers races with an organization change over time. Todays interactive generation demands products that are valuable to them and that enhance and enable their lifestyle as well. In this environment, quality and price are no longer enough, customers want to make purchases that improve their quality of life and their buying power will go to the companies that offer them the best (IBM, 2003).Product differentiation is no longer adequate to ensure profits. Traditional customer- centeringed selling to determine the needs and wants of fag markets is still largely product, rather than customer, focu sed. Even customer bliss itself-importance is no longer enough (IBM, 2003).Customer TouchpointsA car companys marketing instruments have different effects on customer behavior and ultimately on customer lifetime value (Bolton, 2002). Customer lifetime value is characterized by the continuance, wisdom and largeness of each customers relationship with a dealer in terms of the customers purchase behavior (Verhoef 2001). Length and depth are also reflected in upgrading behavior, which is the purchasing of premium higher(prenominal)(prenominal) margin products instead of low cost variants (Bolton, 2002). Loyal customers are sometimes assumed to be willing to pay higher prices (Reichheld 1996a Reichheld 1996b) but in some markets loyal customers pay lower prices due to discounts. The breadth of a relationship primarily concerns cross- buying or add-on buying that is, the number of additional (different) products purchased from a company over time (Blattberg, Getz and Thomas 2001). In addition to purchase behavior, customer lifetime value is influenced by non-purchase behaviors, such as word-ofmouth behavior and the provision of new product ideas that may be more difficult to observe and predict (Bettencourt 1997).It is consequential to know how each of these categories of marketing instruments differentially influence relationship duration, customer usage and cross-buying of products. These marketing activities generate revenues via their effect on individual customer behavior (Bolton, 2002).Satisfaction and Quality counselingMarketers typically assume that satisfied customers are more loyal (Szymanski and Hise 2001). However, studies of actual customer behavior have established that the effect of satisfaction on relationship length is complex. Bolton (1998) argues that satisfaction is an indicator of the subjective expected, and finds a positive effect of satisfaction on relationship length that is enhanced by relationship age. Mittal and Kamakura (2001) show that demographics, such as age and gender, moderate the effect of satisfaction on relationship length. cast out discrepancies between a customers satisfaction with of a product provider and its competitor (i.e., competitor performs better than company) influence customer retention, whereas positive discrepancies do not (Kumar 2002).A positive link between satisfaction and usage has been documented by Bolton and crumb (1999). The underlying rationale for this link is that higher satisfaction scores reflect a higher utility of the provided product. This higher utility will be reflected in higher future usage rates.However, a customers experience with a particular product will not inevitably transference to additional products offered by the same organization (Verhoef, Franses and Hoekstra (2001).Relationship ManagementIn direct marketing it is distinguished between marketing instruments that directly experience product sales, and those that focus on the maintenance and developmen t of customer relationships (McDonald 1998). Marketing instruments can also be classified based upon whether they provide economic gains or social benefits to the customer (Bhattacharya and Bolton 2000). But these effects of relationship marketing variables have not been extensively investigated (Jain and Singh 2002). Since direct marketing focuses on creating immediate sales, direct marketing is not expected to influence the length of the customer-firm relationship. However, in the case of successful direct marketing policies, direct marketing may positively affect the depth and/or breadth of the relationship (Bolton, 2002).A key objective of concentrating on loyalty is to enhance relationship depth, although it is also intended to increase customer-firm relationship length (Bolton, 2002). Although there is considerable anecdotal evidence that loyalty programs strengthen social bonds between customers and product providers (Sharp and Sharp 1997). In existing relationships, direct m arketing is an important tool to sell additionals (Roberts and Berger 1999). Direct marketing often offers attractive propositions to customers, such as economic benefits (Bolton, 2002).Brand EquityMost observers define the brand equity in term of marketing impact that exceptionally attribute to a brand. Brand equity relates to the information that usually gets different results from marketing of a product (Keller, 2003). Brand equity is a set of brand assets and liabilities linked to a brand, its name and symbol that add to or subtract from value provided by a product to a company and/or to the companies customers (Aaker, 1991). Brand awareness, brand loyalty, perceived quality and brand association are the core assets for the brand equity. These are important assets for building strong brand equity helps in increasing the brand awareness in the market. The perceived quality and its association with the brand name can effect the customers satisfaction and gives him the reason to pu rchase. This results in the high brand loyalty among the customer and greater share in market (Chen, 2001).A power full brand enjoys a high level of customer brand awareness and loyalty. Company can have a competitive advantage through high brand equity (Kotler et al., 2005). Brand equity provides a great value for customers brand equity assets help the customers to capture and process the brand and store large number of information about it. Brand equity can help to attract new customers and/or to maintain the loyalty and corporate trust of old customers (Aaker, 1991).Customer based brand equity arises when customers are well acquainted with the brand name and keeps some favorable, strong and unique about brand association in memory (Keller, 2003). Brand equity also involves the value added by a product through customer relations and perceptions about a specific brand name (Wood, 2000).Brand equity supports the company in facing the competition. If a brand has a strong position in the segment, another(prenominal) brand will find a very difficult to compete in the same segment as they already correlate various characteristics with the prize brand (Papanastassiu Rouhani, 2006).Brand LoyaltyBrand loyalty shows customer preferences to purchase a particular brand customers believe that the brand offers the enjoyable features, images, or modular of quality at the right price. Initially customers will purchase a brand for trial, after being satisfied, customers will keep on buying the product from the certain brand (Bolton, 2002). Brand loyalty represents an encouraging approach towards a brand resulting in regular purchase of the brand over time (Tuominen, 1992).Brand Loyalty reflects the ratio of regular buyers to satisfied buyers who like the product This is more useful in marketing the product to existing customers because of good brand loyalty it will cost less effort and money, than to attract new ones (Tuominen, 1992). When loyal customers see any lack to a brand attribute, then they immediately transfer to other brand products that offer a better deal. The reason for buying a same product from a familiar brand saves time and reduces risks (Bloemer Kasper, 1995). sensed Quality and Brand Associationperceived quality defines a customers perception about product superioty. Perceived quality provides fundamental reasons to purchase. Perceived quality provides greater beneficial opportunity of charging a premium price. Perceived quality enables a strong brand to extend on a large scale (Hoyer Brown, 1990).Mostly customers prefer to buy products from a well-known and familiar brand, rather than opting for unknown or new brands (Rust et al, 1999). Perceived quality of a brand influences decision making of consumers. This influence is important when customers are unable to analysis the quality of a product (Aaker, 1991). All customers are conscious about product quality. The majority of people prefer to go for well-known brands which hav e high reputation in the market.Favorability, strength, and uniqueness of brand associations are the dimensions distinguishing brand knowledge that play an important role in determing responses that makes up brand equity, especially in high involvement decision settings (Chen, 2001).There are values of a brand that are not as visible as other brands. These values can be based on brand association with certain factors that provide confidence and credibility among customers. Companies try to associate certain attributes to their brand, which makes it harder for the new brands to enter the market (Aaker, 1991).Brand Name AwarenessBrand name awareness plays an important role in consumer decision making if a customer has already heard a brand name, the customer would feel more comfortable at the time of decision making. Customers do not prefer to buy unknown brands. Therefore companies strong brand name is a wining track as customers drive brand products (Aaker, 1991).People generally t end to buy brands that they are familiar with and in which they have confidence. Brand awareness is responsible for loyal customers, for which unknown brands have to face tough competition (Hoyer Brown, 1990).However, well-known brands are always more likely to be recognized and therefore it is more likely that customers prefere brand products. horny BrandingAt present, successful companies have built relationships with consumers by attractively engaging them in a personal communication which responds to their needs. Marketers have done so by connecting with customers and creating strong emotional bonds with their brands (Brand Week, 2001).When companies want to know what consumers feel about them, they have to build a personal communication with them. This is the good way for a company to consider itself because customer perceptions are very important for companies. However a company can learn a lot by lean to its customers views (Daryi, 2000). For companies it is essential that its brand corresponds with its products to create emotion thereby products become connected with a brands image in the customers mind (Papanastassiu Rouhani, 2006). Emotional branding is the fine approach that clarifies the values of a company to its customers (Marken, 2003).Pricing StrategiesThe effect of price on customer behavior in their relationships with companies do not focus only on actual prices. They also focus on price perceptions, such as price fairness or payment equity (Bolton and Lemon 1999). Higher absolute prices lead to lower perceptions of price fairness, but price fairness is also be affected by competitors pricing policies (Rust, Zeithaml and Lemon 2000). Negative changes in price perceptions over time (e.g., price fairness decreases), will probably have a larger influence than positive changes (Tversky and Kahneman 1991). Furthermore, differences between the price perception of the dealer and its competitors can lead to regret (Tsiros and Mittal 2000). Positiv e price perceptions relative to competitors have a large effect on customer retention, and controvert price perceptions relative to competitors have a small effect (Bolton, Kannan and Bramlett 2000).Price plays an important role in the acquisition of new customers. In contrast, after the relationship has been established, the role of price tends to become less prominent and experiential aspects of the relationship, such as quality, become more important (Zahorik and Keiningham 1995).Brand NameThe name of a brand is the fundamental indicator of the brand. The name of the brand is the basis for raising awareness of the brand and communication efforts. Often even more important is the fact that it can generate association which serves to describe the brand (Aaker, 1991). Brand name is a significant choice because sometimes it captures the central theme or key association of a product in a condensed and reasonable fashion. Brand names can be extremely successful means of communication (Keller, 2003). Some companies assign their products with a brand name that in reality has nothing to do with the emotional experience but is catchy and a name that people can easily memorize. The core base of naming a brand is that it should be unique, that it can be easily differenciated from other names, that is easy to remember, and that it is attractive for customers (Papanastassiu Rouhani, 2006). symbolization and LogoSymbols have a long history which shows brand identification of the company. Logos and symbols are an easy way to recognize a product. It is a greater success if symbol and logos became a linked in memory to corresponding brand name and product to increase brand recall. Customers may maybe identify definite symbols but be unable to link them any particular brand or product (Keller, 2003). Logos helps companies to develop the brand equity through raised brand identification and brand loyalty. Logos are very important assets, companies spend enormous time and mon ey to promote brand logos and symbols (Hem Iversen, 2003).ExperienceAll brands create feelings some brands are designed to give customers more experience in the true sense of the word than other brands. The most powerful brand goes beyond the traditional means to steal customers heart away and take on special meaning to customers through their product. With time and experience, consumers learn about the brands, they find out which brands satisfy their needs and which ones do not (Daryi, 2000). Customers have used a same branded car for many years, because customers have good experience company brands product.Self esteemUsually people have some pre-conceptions about themselves, which is the image of ideal self and also reflects the persons desire how he would like to be. When the person tries to think about himself he tries to compare it to the people who are well known in society and have high image in the society. It is a very basic and natural tendency of a human being to look in to his self esteem and personality by comparing it to others (Solomon, 2005).Self-esteem refers to persons self-concept. When people have a bad self-esteem it shows that they will not perform well and they think that when they will do a certain work and they might be rejected or fail (Solomon, 2005). When self esteem publicize is done, there are attempts to change product attribute by motivating a positive feeling about the self. One approach of doing this is to challenge the customer self esteem and then it shows a product with a linkage of that can provide a solution (Solomon, 2005).Consumer BehaviourThe Consumer behaviour study involves how an individual or groups select, purchase, use or dispose of products, s ideas, or experience to satisfy their need and desires (Solomon, 2005). The consumer environment influences how the consumers feel, consider and act. The environmental features are, for instance, comments taken from other customers, advertising, packing, price, and produc t appearance etc (Peter Olson, 2005).Consumer behaviour is related to the physical action of a consumer, which can be measured directly. Frequency of visiting stores or shopping malls can be measured. To select a specific store then to go there is very difficult to choose and observe directly. Where different types of behaviour can be measured including a shopping pattern in stores. This kind of measurement is very hard. The behaviour can be analyzed in different ways, by offering lower price, better and good quality (Papanastassiu Rouhani, 2006).Consumer behavior mainly sheds light on how consumers square ups to spend their various resources like time, money etc. on various products so as to meet their needs and requirement. Consumer behavior encompasses study of what, when, why and where the consumers will buy their products. It also focuses on how often the consumers use the products. Furthermore, it also sheds light on how the consumers evaluate the products after the purchas e and the effect of evaluations on their future purchases (Schiffmann, 2004).Consumer Decision MakingThe consumer decision making process defines different steps when a consumer goes through to purchase a product. If customer wants to make a purchase he or she takes a sequence of steps in order to do complete this purchase. Problem recognition includes when consumer feel a significant difference between the current state and ideal so consumer thinks there is some problem to be solved. The problem may be small or big. In the second step, the consumer seeks information about the product. The extent of information search relies on the level of consumer involvement. In case of expensive products, the level of involvement is high. Conversely, in case of relatively cheap products the level of involvement is usually low. In the third step, the consumer evaluates the different attributes of the brands. Consumer may consider the product attributes and compare brand products. In the final st ep consumer makes his choice about a product (Solomon, 2005).Its true that a consumer may not necessarily go through all the decision making steps for every purchase he or she makes. At times, consumer makes his or her decision automatically and the decision may be based on heuristics or mental shortcuts. Other times, in case of highinvolvement products consumer may take a long time before reaching a final purchase decision. It depends on consumers importance of the products like purchase of a car or home (Solomon, 2005). More over consumers try to make an estimated brand universe on the basis of available information about the brands, and to make an estimated the utility feed on the basis of past consumption experience (Davies, 1986).Decision RulesConsumers apply decision rules to attributes and alternatives chosen. A decision rule can be explained as a strategy used by the consumer when selecting from the alternatives. If a purchase decision is habitual, a simplistic decision rul e is likely to be applied. The consumer may simply decide to buy the same brand as last time. The complexity of the decision rule depends much on the level of involvement and the perceived importance of the sequel of the purchase decision. There is clear division between more complex rules, which are compensatory and non compensatory (Solomon, 2005).Social ClassSocial class is an invisible stratification of the inhabitants of the society into different groups based on some traits of the people. Inhabitants in a society can be divided into different social classes according to their income level, occupation, education and so forth (Hawkins, 2004). Social class of a person is determined by a wide variety of set of variables including income, family background and occupation (Solomon, 2005).People of a certain social class will also have different choices and preferences for different products. Members of a specific class will also vary in taste. People form higher social class will h ave preferences for reputed branded products as they buy products not only to satisfy their needs but also to say who they are through the products (Schiffmann, 2004).Purchase IntentionThe purchase intention shows customers preference to purchase the product, whose image is very close to customer. Moreover customers are well aware of certain brand name through advertising, from their past experience or information form their friends and relatives (Solomon, 2005).The intention of a consumer to purchase a particular

Security Features Of Network Hardware Devices Computer Science Essay

Security Features Of Network Hardw atomic number 18 Devices Computer Science EssayDescribe the security features of interlock hardw atomic number 18 devices. All interlocking hardware devices need to have security functions which would pr regular(a)t unauthorised devil to systems and data and assistants stop vir expends malicious software from get ating the network.Network hardware devices includeWorkstationsModemsRouters radiocommunication Routers/WEP (Wireless Access points)Each network hardware device comes with its own security features.WorkstationWorkstations rely greatly on software to protect them from network threats. Anti-virus software programs help sustainment workstations safe and a software firewall is deployed to keep ports closed even if a program tries to open them. Keeping ports from being opened is like property a door closed nonhing slew go in or out. This reduces the threat from unauthorised access.RoutersTo access the security settings of a router, a us ername and countersignature is needed. If this is not configured anyone who gains access bequeath be able to administer the network as if it was owned by them. This is set buy the administrator or the ISP.Wireless Routers/WAP (Wireless Access point)Wireless routers are to a greater extent venerable to unauthorised access. This is because the LAN (Local Area Network) does not need to be accessed fleshlyly. If the telegramless functions of a router are not configured properly, the network ass be accessed and configured in administrative mode by anyone. This is a serious security risk.The radio set access can be controlled by configuring an encrypted password, setting a SSID (Service Set identifier) and choosing whether it is visible or not. If it is not visible, people will not be able to look for the access point they will have to know the SSID before hand. For password encryption WEP and WPA can be employ. WPA is more secure than WEP. Doing this stops unauthorised users from accessing the network.M2 assemble a networked device or specialist software to improve the security of the network.I have been asked to implement security to the plan below. This is the network security set-up of a till. I have been given the task of creating a detailed diagram coupled with a full write-up including any evidence of how the network security has been improved.I will analyse the potential risks of each asset in this network to find out what types of threats the business may face and what can be by dint of to defend or prevent these threats.Mainframe with customer accountsCustomers are able to log directly onto the extranet using their personal details. This means that they are essentially good-looking away their personal, confidential breeding. Although an extranet is a private network it uses the internet for its external access feature. When sending information across the internet without the right protection, information could be intercepted and taken for later use. Information can even be altered at the time of sending for example a hacker might interpolate the address that a customer wants to send money to in dictate to commit fraud. This is called the man-in-the-middle attack.If the website does not use encryption, people may start attempting to target the sites vulnerabilities. Depending on how popular the service is the likelihood of an attack can vary. The can be easily prevented by using a secure HTTPS connection on the website when traffic with personal and private information. This will also prevent the man-in-the-middle attack as time-stamps are used. This means if information transfer has been delayed, it may be altered so it is ignored.The network set-up can be made more secure by adding a dedicated firewall in between the extranet and the external customers. Although a firewall has already been installed, ersatz routes can be taken to avoid the firewall. An example of when this will happen is when the connection is cut be tween the firewall and extranet, an alternative route may be taken when accessing customer details.Internal Bank Systems and All other bank dataBecause there is not firewall installed between the internet and extranet, malware and/or spyware may make it through the network, through the Internal Bank Systems and into the server that holds all the other bank data. This data can range from customer accounts to the banks future strategies and projects. This makes the bank venerable to hackers and even competitors as this information can be used for fraud and blackmail or it can be taken secretly by another bank to give the competitor an extra edge in the market.If the internal bank systems are taken over externally, money transferred illegally and records deleted, this would cause a extensive problem for the banks as well as all of its customers and employees.Although it is not likely that other banks will hire hackers to attack the network, it is common for hackers to try to find info rmation or ruin a banks system. This is popular and is also often seen in films. This can be prevented by place anti-malware/spyware software on the server and facility a dedicated, properly configured firewall between the extranet and internet.External Access via CustomersAdvice can be given to customers to prevent Phishing and other threats. If the customer is knowledgeable in this demesne they will notice that it is a risk. This can be stopped by informing the customers that they should only go directly to the site before logging in and not to follow email based links.FirewallIts all good having lots of firewalls installed on the network blocking every possible entrance but if they are not configured correctly they may let in experienced hackers. In some cases the user cannot access the internet with a program they use often and so they open a bunch of ports on the firewall so they can access the internet. This is unprofessional and doing this greatly increases the risk of una uthorised access the network. A network administrator should be contacted in this type of situation to open the port needed and minimised network traffic.If unnecessary ports are open the bank will be extremely venerable to a Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS). This type of attack in often aimed towards commercial websites that sell/provide goods and/or services.This attack involves a computer sending a virus to a large number of other computers. The virus will have a trigger off. When this trigger is set off (by time or by another computer,) all of the computers infected will flood the victim server(s) with network traffic in order to shut down the server and their service.Here is a diagram that shows how this process takes place.If the server was turned off for even 5-10 minutes a vast issue forth of customers would complain. This bank may be targeted because if it is popular and well known.This type of attack can also be prevented by using a dedicated firewall that exa mines network ports to determine whether it is from a reliable or safe source. If it is a malicious packet it is dropped immediately. After receiving a packet it will send in on to the main server only if the packet is safe.Wireless Access point with WEPWireless routers are more venerable to unauthorised access. This is because the LAN (Local Area Network) does not need to be accessed physically. This is done by using an encryption algorithm called Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP). As this security measure has become used more, it has been examined by hackers and now had been cracked. For this reason the newer, more secure security method should be usedWi-Fi Protected Access (WPA/WPA2)If the wireless functions of a router are not configured properly, the network can be accessed and even configured in administrative mode by anyone. This is a serious security risk. The administrator ask to set an admin password and username in order to prevent this.I have produced an improved network d iagram using the countermeasures mentioned above. This new network had improved the network security in every aspect above. I have done this by configuring all devices, installing security software on relevant devices and installing two extra firewalls.M3Explain the similarities and differences between securing a wireless and wired network system.Wired and wireless networks are very similar in a logical diagram but physically can be very different. Wireless networks can go further than a wire, for example they can go through walls and building floors. Because of this wireless and wired network security is very different is some ways.Physical securitySecuring a traditional wired network, physical aspects of the network have to be looked at. For example servers have to be located in secure rooms with locked doors and wires have to be protected using wire covers. Below are examples of the kind of products that professional networks will have installed.Wire networks also need physical s ecurity but they can still be accessed wirelessly, because of this a password has to be used to restrict unauthorised access. This can be implemented using Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or the more secure Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA/WPA2). The network SSID (Service Set identifier) can be configured to an unsearchable setting. This prevents people even knowing that the wireless network exists. The SSID would have to be known in order to connect to the network in this case.SpeedOne of the main disadvantages to wireless networking is the reduced speed. Wireless Ethernet is either 11Mbps (802.11b) or 54Mbps (802.11a) or 160 Mbps (802.11n) whereas Wired Ethernet is can be from 100Mbps to 1Gbps (1000Mbps) or morePerformanceAlthough the speed of wireless has been greatly increased due to the introduction of 802.11n, it still cannot keep up with the demand for bandwidth in networks today. If multiple people are gaming over the internet, sharing/downloading files and using bandwidth the net work may be overloaded. With wired Ethernet 1Gbps can handle the large bandwidth demand and provide a good service to all users on the same network.ConnectionBoth wired networks and wireless networks can communicate across a peer-to-peer network. This can be used to store and share data, communicate privately or transfer files. Although with a wireless connection files over 100MB problems have been said to occur.Client servers are used to centrally store client data and programs on a server giving them access from multiple locations. This is not possible over a wireless connection as a high performance and high bandwidth is needed.ProtocolsFor communication wired and wireless systems have to use different protocols. Both use standard protocols such as HTTP, UDP and TCP. But for wireless connections encryption has to be used. This is because anyone can interrupt a wireless signal without being noticed.

Care Plan and Interventions for Suicidal Patient

Care Plan and Interventions for Suicidal PatientCARE DELIVERYThis essay will explore the effectiveness of the address delivered to one of the origins service users whilst on clinical placement. This essay will demonstrate how the author developed therapeutic relationships through the use of appropriate communication and interpersonal skills in order to achieve this. Furthermore this essay will look at the formulation and documentation of the service users care formulate involving the service users family and carers within a framework of apprised consent. This essay will also evaluate and document the outcomes of care for and other interventions. This essay will finally discuss the opportunities utilised and created to promote the health and well-being patients.In line with the codes of conduct for the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2010), the author has sought and legitimate voluntary and informed consent from the client whom the author will, for the purpose of confiden tiality, be referred to under the pseudonym Alice Azonto. Further to this, all names and locations will be referred to under pseudonyms for the same purpose. The author will refer to Alice Azonto by her first name Alice as is her preference.Alice is a 47 year old woman who attempted to consign suicide having taken an overdose of paracetamol following the death of her husband. She was rushed to a local hospital for medical attention when found by her neighbour and a good friend Dona in a semi-conscious state. Alice collapsed in her kitchen floor with empty sachets of tablets beside her and a suicide note addressed to her only son John who lives in a nearby city.It appeared that Alice has not been eating and drinking well. This resulted in weight lost and a chronic lung condition because of excessive smoking. It also appeared that Alice has been neglecting herself and there were signs she had do superficial cuts to her wrists.Alice was diagnosed of mental picture and was detained under section 2 of the Mental Health Act (MHA, 2007) when she refused to be admitted voluntarily following an assessment. Hospital environment can be very stressful for clients when they first arrive on the cellblock. Nurses need to withdraw positively with clients to develop therapeutic relationship. Barker (2009, p.36) argues that, therapeutic relationship empower clients to pick up or cope more effectively with their environment.The nurse commenced a therapeutic relationship with Alice by initially introducing himself and addressed her by her preferred name. Alice was listened to and reassured by the nurse without whatever immediate advice or diminishing his feelings. NMC (2010) recommends that patients must be treated as individuals and respect their dignity. Alice was offered a daily 11 sessions with the nursing team which enabled staff identified his goals and wishes which were incorporated into his plan of care. Department of Health (DOH, 2006) asserts that 11 sessions are therapeutic they enable the service user to engage well with staff as it empowers them to express their feelings and thoughts.A person-centred plan of care was devised in other to deliver effective care to promote Alice recovery. NICE (2009) recommends that handling and care should take into account patients needs and preferences. It further suggests that people with depression should be given the opportunity to make informed decisions about their treatment and care together with their healthcare professional affect in their care. Different allied health professionals much(prenominal) as the psychiatrists, psychologists, GP, nurses, social workers, OT and other community care housers were involved Alice care because of the severity his complex mental and physical health needs.DOH (2004) the ten essential shared capabilities recommend that professionals, patients, families and carers should work in partnership to provide quality care. Consent was sought from Alice whether she wan ted his son John to be involved in her care. Gaining consent is a legal aspect of mental health nursing and it shows that patients are treated with respect (Diamond, 2008 p. 234). Alice and her son were fully involved in every aspect of the plan of care. CPA (2008) recommends that patients, families and carers should be involved in decision making in regard to their care plans. The author and the nursing team provided Alice with vital information to promote her choice and to enable Alice to make informed decisions. To make sure Alices needs were still being met, the MTD reviewed her mental and physical health regularly and amended her plan of care accordingly with any significant changes. No Health without Mental Health (2011) affirmed that meeting service users other needs improves their quality of life and provides good well-being.Alice was initially nurse within eyesight observation which was later reviewed to general observation due to the nature of her illness and presentation per (NICE, 2005) recommendation. Alice had prompts, reassurance and full support from the nursing team in maintaining her personal hygiene needs. Alice had regular appointments with her GP to monitor her chronic lung condition and was also provided with bereavement support and counselling. NHS (2012) recommends that bereavement support should be offered to patients, carers, and families if they lose a dear one as it has impact on their mental health and well-being. Alice was made aware of options of treatment available to her as guided by (NICE, 2009). food for thought and fluid intake chart was also put in place to monitor her dietary. Alice was provided with the available social support networks and with the support of an OT Alice engaged in purpose-built activities to help lift her mood up and promote her independence.New Horizons (2011, p. 136) suggests that occupational activities are therapeutic and they help patients to engage with staff and other patients on the ward and builds self-worth and confidence towards discharge. In addition to the antidepressant treatment, Alice also had the team psychologist inputs to help promote her prompt recovery. NICE (2009) recommends that, people with moderate or severe depression should be provided with a high-intensity psychological intervention i.e. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) or Individual Personal Therapy (IPT) with a combination of antidepressant medication. Papageorgiou, C. et al. (2011) affirms that, one of the most astray known types of psychological therapy for depression is CBT, which combines both cognitive and behavioural techniques into an integrated whole. The nurse and the MDT have educated Alice on how to promote healthier lifestyles choices and provided Alice with information in the form of leaflets about her condition and range of information on smoking cessation so that she can make her own informed choice. Wrycraft (2009) argues that, mental health promotion is an activity healthcare p rofessionals carryout as part of their everyday practice in their roles and do not realise they are engaging in such activity. However at other times they actively seek information about health promotion activitiesStaff facilitated these health promotions by strengthening the patients on the ward, they increased emotional resilience through 11sessions and negotiating with the patients to promote her self-esteem and coping skills.The MDT should review her plan of care depending of her progress.

Jefferson and Blake Writers of the Enlightenment and the Romantic Era :: Free Essays

Jefferson and Blake Writers of the Enlightenment and the amorous Era The Enlightenment and the Romantic Era are two periods that differed greatly. Out of these secernate eras came different literary styles and purposes. Thomas Jefferson and William Blake are two primary examples of diverse authors from equally diverse eras. Although the Romantic Era grew alongside the Enlightenment, it placed value on emotion or imagination over reason, where as the Enlightenment focused on reason and logical thinking. Unlike the Enlightenment, Romanticism allowed great deal to get away(p) from the constricted, rational views of life and concentrate on an emotional and sentimental side of humanity. This not only influenced political doctrines and ideology, but was also a sharp tell from the Enlightenments embracing of rationality before emotion. Jefferson and Blake both representing their own era through different writing styles that characterized the era in which their writings belong. on with Enlightenment came European struggle with the monarchy. This led to ideas of a self-governed people and, along with the separation of individuals from religion and government, would inevitably influence Thomas Jeffersons writing of The resolve of Independence. The beliefs in equality, justice, and morals were outstanding ideas from the Enlightenment that moved Jefferson to write in the instructive manner in which his purpose was to lead a group of people to believe in life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The Enlightenment influenced Jeffersons writings and was responsible for his instructive writing style.William Blakes writing style was a product of the Romantic Era in which people were more concerned with emotions than reason. This era embodied societys desire to give in to its passions and express its feelings. In Blakes The Lamb, he questioned who made thee lamb and then answered little lamb God bless thee. Blake personified the little lamb with clothing of d elight and a tender voice. The analogy of the lamb and its creator through imagery and personification characterizes the Romantic Era as a whole.

My Religious Belief Essay -- Religion Religious Christianity Essays

My Religious BeliefI am a Christian and I believe in the hallowed trinity idol, the Son, the Holy Spirit. God is the most high God, all-powerful, all-knowing, the creator, full of unfailing love and truth, God is the only true God. He is the light. Jesus is the son of God, he is God in the flesh, he came into this world for two purposes, to t distributively us how to live on earth and because God so loved the world that he gave his only generate son, Jesus. Jesus died on cross for our sins, and is sitting at Gods right hand today. The Holy Spirit is the spirit of love that dwells in each and every last one of us, it is not a part of the body so if the body dies, the spirit will continue to live. Because love never dies. all in all three, God, the son, and the Holy Spirit are one, which is love. A Christians core belief system basically boils down to whats in the heart and in the heart should be nothing but love. Unfortunately, our hearts isnt naturally overflowing wit h the love. The heart takes time to blossom because as humans, we really wear upont know what true love is, we only know the love the world has taught us and that love is selfish/ false. We learn true love when we ready a loving relationship with God and that requires a lot of patience, faith, time and Gods help. At any time in our lives, we can nominate a loving relationship with God. Many people choose not to accept God because they are walking in the dark, which is why we say God is the light. The ...